Assessment of flow and hemodynamics in the carotid artery using a reduced TE 4D flow spiral phase-contrast MRI

Kadbi, Mo; Negahdar, Mohammadreza; Traughber, Melanie; Martin, Peter; Amini, Amir A.

doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6609697

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In addition, several advanced acceleration methods for the improvement of spatial resolution and/or reduction of total scan time have been successfully explored including k-t BLAST 226 , k-t GRAPPA, k-t SENSE 227 , radial 227 and spiral 228 sampling schemes as well as compressed sensing approaches 229,230 .…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced flow MRI: emerging techniques and applications

et al. 2016

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide non-invasive and non-ionising methods for the highly accurate anatomical depiction of the heart and vessels throughout the cardiac cycle. In addition, the intrinsic sensitivity of MRI to motion offers the unique ability to acquire spatially registered blood flow simultaneously with the morphological data, within a single measurement. In clinical routine, flow MRI is typically accomplished using methods that resolve two spatial dimensions in individual planes and encode the time-resolved velocity in one principal direction, typically oriented perpendicular to the two-dimensional (2D) section. This review describes recently developed advanced MRI flow techniques, which allow for more comprehensive evaluation of blood flow characteristics, such as real-time flow imaging, 2D multiple-venc phase contrast MRI, four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI, quantification of complex haemodynamic properties, and highly accelerated flow imaging. Emerging techniques and novel applications are explored. In addition, applications of these new techniques for the improved evaluation of cardiovascular (aorta, pulmonary arteries, congenital heart disease, atrial fibrillation, coronary arteries) as well as cerebrovascular disease (intra-cranial arteries and veins) are presented.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced flow MRI: emerging techniques and applications

et al. 2016

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“…Spiral k-space trajectories have previously been used for real time and three-directional single-breath-hold 2D flow MRI [114][115][116] and 3D magnetic resonance angiography [117][118][119]. Recently, spiral trajectories have also been used for prospectively-gated 4D flow MRI in the carotid arteries [120] and the aorta (Paper III). Moreover, in Paper IV a retrospectivelygated 4D flow MRI sequence using spiral trajectories was validated for velocity mapping of intra-cardiac velocities.…”

Section: Spiral K-space Trajectoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and Accurate 4D Flow MRI for Cardiovascular Blood Flow Assessment

Petersson¹

2013

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The study of blood flow is essential in understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. Small disturbances of the blood flow may over time evolve and contribute to cardiovascular pathology. While the blood flow in a healthy human appears to be predominately laminar, turbulent or transitional blood flow is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases. Wall shear stress is the frictional force of blood on the vessel wall and has been linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and aneurysms. Despite the importance of hemodynamic factors, cardiovascular diagnostics largely relies on the indirect estimation of function based on morphological data.Time-resolved three-dimensional (3D) phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), often referred to as 4D flow MRI, is a versatile and non-invasive tool for cardiovascular blood flow assessment. The use of 4D flow MRI permits estimation of flow volumes, pressure losses, wall shear stress, turbulence intensity and many other unique hemodynamic parameters. However, 4D flow MRI suffers from long scan times, sometimes over 40 minutes. Furthermore, the accuracy of the many different 4D flow MRI-based applications and estimates have not been thoroughly examined.In this thesis, the accuracy of 4D flow MRI-based turbulence intensity mapping and wall shear stress estimation was investigated by using numerical simulations of MRI flow measurements. While the results from the turbulence intensity mapping agreed well with reference values from computational fluid dynamics data, the accuracy of the MRI-based wall shear stress estimates was found to be very sensitive to different parameters, especially to spatial resolution, and wall shear stress values over 5 N/m 2 were not well resolved.To reduce the scan time, a 4D flow MRI sequence using spiral k-space trajectories was implemented and validated in-vivo and in-vitro. The scan time of 4D flow MRI was reduced by more than two-fold compared to a conventional Cartesian acquisition already accelerated using SENSE factor 2, and the data quality was maintained. For a 4D flow scan of the human heart, the use of spiral k-space trajectories resulted in a scan time of around 13 min, compared to 30 min for the Cartesian acquisition. By combining parallel imaging and spiral trajectories, the total scan time of a 4D flow measurement of the entire heart may be further reduced. This scan time reduction may also be traded for higher spatial resolution.Numerical simulation of 4D flow MRI may act as an important tool for future optimization and validation of the spiral 4D flow sequence. The scan-time reductions offered by the spiral k-space trajectories can help to cut costs, save time, reduce discomfort for the patient as well as to decrease the risk for motion artifacts. These benefits may facilitate an expanded clinical and investigative use of 4D flow MRI, including larger patient research studies.v Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattningHjärt-och kärlsjukdom är fortfarande den ...

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“…Kadbi et al [36,55] showed that the echo time (TE) can be shortened through combination of slice selection gradient with bipolar flow encoding gradient. In the case of 4D UTE PC which involves radial acquisition of k-space and FID sampling, TE is defined as the distance from center of excitation RF pulse to the beginning of the readout gradient.…”

Section: Combining the Bipolar And Slice Select Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of 4D UTE PC which involves radial acquisition of k-space and FID sampling, TE is defined as the distance from center of excitation RF pulse to the beginning of the readout gradient. Figure 50 demonstrates 4D reduced-TE spiral pulse sequence with combined gradients [55]. This sequence has 4 parts, each lasting for one repetition time (TR) and leading to minimum temporal resolution of 4*TR.…”

Section: Combining the Bipolar And Slice Select Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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4D reduced TE (RTE) spiral phase contrast NRI for rapid quantification and visualization of blood flow and hemodynamics.

Negahdar¹

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Assessment of flow and hemodynamics in the carotid artery using a reduced TE 4D flow spiral phase-contrast MRI

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Advanced flow MRI: emerging techniques and applications

Advanced flow MRI: emerging techniques and applications

Fast and Accurate 4D Flow MRI for Cardiovascular Blood Flow Assessment

4D reduced TE (RTE) spiral phase contrast NRI for rapid quantification and visualization of blood flow and hemodynamics.

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