Assessment of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens in Buffalo Raw Milk Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Based Assay

Khan, Javed Ahamad; Rathore, Rajesh; Ahmad, Iqbal; Gill, Rubina; Husain, Fohad Mabood; Arshad, Mohammed; Alam, Pravej; Albalawi, Thamer; Al-Kheraif, Abdulaziz A.; Akhtar, Javeed; Albarakaty, Fawziah M.; Neyaz, Leena A; Elbanna, Кhaled; Abulreesh, Hussein H.

doi:10.1089/fpd.2022.0044

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 45 publications

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“…Foodborne illnesses are among the world's top concerns in the twenty-first century. 1,2 This issue is more significant in developing countries because of inadequate infrastructure and low levels of knowledge. 3 Animal-derived foods intended for human consumption are typically the most dangerous if the correct food hygiene practices are not followed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria at Restaurants in Al-Mandaq City, Saudi Arabia: First Study

Melebari

2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Foodborne illnesses are a major public health concern, and meat products are one of the most common sources of contamination. Handling and processing raw meat in restaurants can increase the risk of foodborne illnesses if the correct hygiene and safety measures are not followed. Consequently, it is important to conduct a comprehensive assessment of foodborne illness-causing microorganisms to monitor the food safety practices in restaurants and prevent the spread of contamination, protecting public health and ensuring the safety of the food supply chain. In view of this, this study conducted an assessment of local restaurants to identify the prevalence of different foodborne illness-causing microorganisms. A total of 63 samples were collected aseptically using cotton swabs from restaurants in 9 different locations in Al-Mandaq City, Saudi Arabia (7 samples from each location). Klebsiella aerogenes (K. aerogenes), Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were isolated and identified from each sample using different media. From 63 samples, 91 isolates of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 9 restaurants. Higher prevalence was found in location 7, where the number of isolates was 17, while the lowest pathogenic load was observed in location 2, where the number of isolates was 8. Among the samples, the highest number of pathogenic isolates was observed in raw foods (22), followed by samples collected from the tools (18). Of the 109 bacterial counts, S. aureus contributed 43.12%, followed by S. epidermidis (42.2%), Salmonella spp. (6.42%), and K. aerogenes (4.58%). The frequency of E. coli occurrence was low (2.75%) in all the samples collected from the nine locations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria at Restaurants in Al-Mandaq City, Saudi Arabia: First Study

Melebari

2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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A comprehensive review on the current status of culture media for routine standardized isolation of Salmonella and Shigella spp. from contaminated food

Neyaz,

Alghamdi,

Alghashmari

et al. 2024

J.Umm Al-Qura Univ. Appll. Sci.

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Salmonella spp. is an important foodborne pathogen and a leading cause of foodborne outbreaks worldwide. Shigella spp. is considered an important foodborne pathogen in low-income countries in Asia and Africa, where it is believed to be endemic in these regions. A broad range of selective plating and enrichment media have been formulated to detect and assess Salmonella and Shigella spp. during the outbreaks of food-related infections and regular food surveillance investigations. To date, culture media-based methods remain standard methods for the microbiological analysis of food and are approved by the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). This review elaborates on current culture media, which are employed in culture-based standard methods for Salmonella and Shigella spp. isolation and detection from food samples. The specificity and regulatory acceptance of time-consuming conventional culturing methods make them ‘gold standard’ pathogen detection protocols. However, alternate strategies become necessary because of culture methods’ low sensitivity and inability to detect viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells. The recent approaches with improved detection efficiencies include molecular techniques (PCR), DNA hybridization, and chromogenic culture media. Similarly, the usage of nanoparticles and immunosensors is also rising for pathogen detection. The integration of novel and conventional approaches could enhance the reliability, and sensitivity of routine pathogen surveillance.

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Foodborne bacteria in milk and milk products along the water buffalo milk chain in Bangladesh

Singha,

Koop,

Rahman

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Controlling foodborne pathogens in buffalo milk is crucial for ensuring food safety. This study estimated the prevalence of nine target genes representing seven critical foodborne bacteria in milk and milk products, and identified factors associated with their presence in buffalo milk chain nodes in Bangladesh. One hundred and forty-three milk samples from bulk tank milk (n = 34), middlemen (n = 37), milk collection centers (n = 37), and milk product shops (n = 35) were collected and analyzed using RT-PCR. Escherichia (E.) coli, represented through yccT genes, was the most prevalent throughout the milk chain (81–97%). Chi-squared tests were performed to identify the potential risk factors associated with the presence of foodborne bacteria encoded for different genes. At the middleman level, the prevalence of E. coli was associated with the Mymensingh, Noakhali, and Bhola districts (P = 0.01). The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes, represented through inlA genes, and Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica, represented through yst genes, were the highest at the farm level (65–79%). The prevalence of both bacteria in bulk milk was associated with the Noakhali and Bhola districts (P < 0.05). The prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in bulk milk was also associated with late autumn and spring (P = 0.01) and was higher in buffalo-cow mixed milk than in pure buffalo milk at the milk collection center level (P < 0.01). The gene stx2 encoding for Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) E. coli was detected in 74% of the milk products. At the middleman level, the prevalence of STEC E. coli was associated with the use of cloths or tissues when drying milk containers (P = 0.01). Salmonella enterica, represented through the presence of invA gene, was most commonly detected (14%) at the milk collection center. The use of plastic milk containers was associated with a higher prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, represented through htrA genes, at milk product shops (P < 0.05). These results suggest that raw milk consumers in Bangladesh are at risk if they purchase and consume unpasteurized milk.

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Assessment of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens in Buffalo Raw Milk Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Based Assay

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

Incidence of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria at Restaurants in Al-Mandaq City, Saudi Arabia: First Study

Incidence of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria at Restaurants in Al-Mandaq City, Saudi Arabia: First Study

A comprehensive review on the current status of culture media for routine standardized isolation of Salmonella and Shigella spp. from contaminated food

Foodborne bacteria in milk and milk products along the water buffalo milk chain in Bangladesh

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