Assessment of gastrointestinal pH, fluid and lymphoid tissue in the guinea pig, rabbit and pig, and implications for their use in drug development

Merchant, Hamid A.; McConnell, Emma; Liu, Feng; Ramaswamy, Chandrasekaran; Kulkarni, Rucha P; Basit, Abdul W.; Murdan, Sudaxshina

doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2010.09.019

Cited by 126 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These results indicated that the recombinant ZHD101 produced by L. reuteri pNZ-zhd101 is in an active form at pH 7.0. The mean pH values in small intestine, caecum, and colon of swine are 6.5, 6.1, and 6.5, respectively [28], while the mean pH values in crop, small intestine, caecum, and colon of chickens are 6.1, 6.4, 6.4, and 6.6, respectively [29]. Since the intestinal environments are mildly acidic to neutral, we believe that the recombinant ZHD101 produced by L. reuteri pNZ-zhd101 can be directly delivered to the intestinal tract in an active form.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the Clonostachys rosea lactonohydrolase gene by Lactobacillus reuteri to increase its zearalenone-removing ability

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that can contaminate agricultural crops in the field as well as during harvest, transportation, processing, or storage. Zearalenone (ZEN), a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin, produced by Fusarium species, has been shown to be associated with reproductive disorders in farm animals and to a lesser extent in hyperoestrogenic syndromes in humans. Thus, the decontamination of ZEN in foods and feeds is an important issue.ResultsIn this study, the gene encoding ZHD101, a ZEN-degrading enzyme produced by Clonostachys rosea IFO 7063, was cloned into an Escherichia coli–Lactobacillus shuttle vector, pNZ3004, and the resultant plasmid pNZ-zhd101 was then introduced via electroporation into Lactobacillus reuteri Pg4, a probiotic strain isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. The transformed strain L. reuteri pNZ-zhd101 acquired the capacity to degrade ZEN. In addition, the production of recombinant ZHD101 did not affect cell growth, acid and bile salt tolerance, and had only a minor effect on the adhesion ability of L. reuteri pNZ-zhd101.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful expression of a ZEN-degrading enzyme by intestinal lactobacilli.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the Clonostachys rosea lactonohydrolase gene by Lactobacillus reuteri to increase its zearalenone-removing ability

et al. 2017

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“…However, the physiological traits of their GI tracts differ. Merchant et al (2011) reported that pigs have a longer gut (∼24 m; 2.4 cm/kg body weight) compared with humans (8.9 m; 14 cm/kg body weight). This difference in gut length affects the time taken by ingesta, such as food/feed including probiotics, to pass through the GIT; hence, in our model, we modified the incubation time to simulate the pig intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pig GIT simulation model was based on the human model (Oomen et al 2003) with modifications to the mucin concentration, pH, and incubation time, to optimize it more closely to the physiological traits of pigs (Kararli 1995; Merchant et al 2011). The modified factors and the constituents and concentrations of the various synthetic juices are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of putative probiotics as feed additives: validation in a porcine-specific gastrointestinal tract model

Yeo

Lee

Park

et al. 2016

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Enforced restrictions on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGPs) in animal production have prompted investigations into alternative feed additives in recent decades. Probiotics are currently the main feed additive used in livestock. However, the selection of probiotic candidates relies on human-based methods and little is known about the verification criteria for host-specific selection. We investigated the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus salivarius strains isolated from fed pig feces for their use as porcine feed additives. Two methods were developed that simulated the pig gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the intestinal epithelium, and these were compared with human-based in vitro methods and used for selecting porcine probiotics. Lactobacillus salivarius strain LS6 was identified as a promising probiotic strain for potential use as a porcine feed additive. This strain prevented disruption of the epithelial integrity of pig small intestine (PSI) cells by inhibiting the adherence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. It also showed high survival rates in the in vitro pig GI tract model and good adhesion to PSI cells. We propose that host target-specific screening and validation methods are important tools in the development of effective probiotic feed additives, and this approach may support future-oriented agriculture.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00253-016-7812-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Before reaching the distal part of the intestinal (Peng et al, 2014). The mean pH (fed ad libitum) values of the porcine stomach and small intestine are 4.4 and 6.1-6.7, respectively (Merchant et al, 2011). Therefore, the At-Bgl should have high potential for use as catalysts in animal feeds.…”

Section: Optimal Ph and Temperature And Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus terreus and its application in the hydrolysis of soybean isoflavones

Yan

Xia

Zhang

et al. 2016

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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An extracellular β-glucosidase produced by Aspergillus terreus was identified, purified, characterized and was tested for the hydrolysis of soybean isoflavone. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with tandem time-offlight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) revealed the protein to be a member of the glycosyl hydrolase family 3 with an apparent molecular mass of about 120 kDa. The purified β-glucosidase showed optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 65 °C and was very stable at 50 °C. Moreover, the enzyme exhibited good stability over pH 3.0-8.0 and possessed high tolerance towards pepsin and trypsin. The kinetic parameters K m (apparent MichaelisMenten constant) and V max (maximal reaction velocity) for p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) were 1.73 mmol/L and 42.37 U/mg, respectively. The K m and V max for cellobiose were 4.11 mmol/L and 5.7 U/mg, respectively. The enzyme efficiently converted isoflavone glycosides to aglycones, with a hydrolysis rate of 95.8% for daidzin, 86.7% for genistin, and 72.1% for glycitin. Meanwhile, the productivities were 1.14 mmol/(L·h) for daidzein, 0.72 mmol/(L·h) for genistein, and 0.19 mmol/(L·h) for glycitein. This is the first report on the application of A. terreus β-glucosidase for converting isoflavone glycosides to their aglycones in soybean products.

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Assessment of gastrointestinal pH, fluid and lymphoid tissue in the guinea pig, rabbit and pig, and implications for their use in drug development

Cited by 126 publications

References 22 publications

Expression of the Clonostachys rosea lactonohydrolase gene by Lactobacillus reuteri to increase its zearalenone-removing ability

Expression of the Clonostachys rosea lactonohydrolase gene by Lactobacillus reuteri to increase its zearalenone-removing ability

Development of putative probiotics as feed additives: validation in a porcine-specific gastrointestinal tract model

Characterization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus terreus and its application in the hydrolysis of soybean isoflavones

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