Assessment of Genetic Correlation between Bacterial Cold Water Disease Resistance and Spleen Index in a Domesticated Population of Rainbow Trout: Identification of QTL on Chromosome Omy19

Wiens, Gregory D.; Vallejo, Roger L.; Leeds, Timothy D.; Palti, Yniv; Hadidi, Sima; Liu, Sixin; Evenhuis, Jason P.; Welch, Timothy J.; Rexroad, Caird E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075749

Cited by 62 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…The splenosomatic values observed in this study were all slightly higher than those reported for rainbow trout in a number of other studies [24 -27], but were very similar to those observed in one other study [28,29], and well within normal values [30]. Thus, the small, but significant difference, in splenosomatic index among the treatments was likely not biologically significant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Acoustic Transmitters Impact Rainbow Trout Growth in a Competitive Environment

Urbaniak¹,

Barnes²,

Davis³

2016

TOFISHSJ

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Fish implanted with acoustic transmitters are assumed to behave and grow after stocking similar to untagged fish. In this study, three groups (tagged, sham, and control) of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss [mean (SD) initial length = 277 (24) mm] range were maintained together in three raceways for 90 days, with each raceway containing 10 tagged, 10 sham, and 10 control fish. The fish in the tagged group were anesthetized and had an inert transmitter inserted via a ventral incision. Fish in the sham group were anesthetized and had an incision without transmitter implantation, while the control group was anesthetized only. In each raceway, trout with the inert transmitters were significantly lighter and shorter than fish from the other two groups at the end of the experiment. However, the reduction in weight, length, and specific growth rate occurred primarily during the first 38 days posttagging, with tagged fish growing at similar rates to the other two groups for the final 52 days of the experiment. Mortality data indicated a survival threshold of 280 mm length in the tagged fish, with 100% survival of the Rainbow Trout greater than 280 mm and only 59.1% survival of trout less than 280 mm. Based on the results of this study, rainbow trout implanted with 9 x 24 mm, 3.6 g acoustic transmitters should be held prior to release for a minimum of 38 days to ensure similar growth rates as untagged conspecifics, and only trout with an initial length greater than 280 mm should be used to maximize survival.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Acoustic Transmitters Impact Rainbow Trout Growth in a Competitive Environment

Urbaniak¹,

Barnes²,

Davis³

2016

TOFISHSJ

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“…R-line fish have lower pathogen loads after challenge with Fp by intraperitoneal injection (Hadidi et al, 2008) and exhibit higher survival by 5–10 days post-infection (Wiens et al, 2013a) suggesting enhanced capacity for pathogen control relative to the S-line. Resistance to Fp has also been correlated with naive animal spleen size (Hadidi et al, 2008), with Fp-resistant trout having larger spleens (Wiens et al, 2013b)(Wiens et al, 2013c), although its functional significance remains unclear, as splenectomized animals do not show changes in resistance to Fp (Wiens et al, 2015). We have also reported on differences in humoral immunity between the lines, with naïve R-line trout having lower abundance of IgM + and IgM ++ cells (ISCs) compared to S-line fish (Zwollo et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A BCWD-resistant line of rainbow trout exhibits higher abundance of IgT+ B cells and heavy chain tau transcripts compared to a susceptible line following challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum

Zwollo

Hennessey

Moore

et al. 2017

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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Bacterial Cold Water Disease (BCWD) is a common, chronic disease in rainbow trout, and is caused by the gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Fp). Through selective breeding, the National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture has generated a genetic line that is highly resistant to Fp challenge, designated ARS-Fp-R (or R-line), as well as a susceptible “control” line, ARS-Fp-S (S-line). In previous studies, resistance to Fp had been shown to correlate with naive animal spleen size, and further, naïve R-line trout had been shown to have a lower abundance of IgM+ and IgM++ cells compared to S-line fish. Here we wished to first determine whether the abundance of IgT+ and/or IgT++ cells differed between the two lines in naïve fish, and if so, how these patterns differed after in vivo challenge with Fp. Fp challenge was by intramuscular injection of live Fp and tissue collections were on days 5, 6, and/or 28 post-challenge, in two independent challenge experiments. Flow cytometric and gene expression analyses revealed that naïve R-line fish had a higher abundance of IgT+ B cells in their anterior kidney, spleen, and blood, compared to S line fish. Further, that after Fp challenge, this difference was maintained between the two lines. Lastly, abundance of IgT+ B cells and expression of secHCtau correlated with lower Fp pathogen loads in challenged fish. In the anterior kidney, IgM+ B cell abundance correlated with increased Fp loads. Together, these results suggest that IgT+ B lineage cells may have a protective function in the immune response to Fp.

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“…The tumor inhibition rate was calculated as follows: Inhibition (%)=(C-T)/C x 100%, where C and T represent the tumor weights (in mg) of control and treated mice, respectively. Based on the correlation between immune activity and the weights of the spleen and thymus, the relative weights of the spleen and thymus (in mg) with regards to the mouse body weight (10 g) were used to obtain the spleen index (SI) and thymus index (TI), as previously described (11,12).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antitumor activity of yulangsan polysacchrides in mice bearing S180 sarcoma tumors

Cai

Chen

Pan

et al. 2017

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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Abstract. Sarcoma is one of the most prevalent pediatric tumors and the therapeutic role of chemotherapy has yet to be elucidated. It has been reported that extracts of Longyanshen (Yulangsan) may enhance the sensitivity of drug-resistant cancer cell lines, and improve the immune dysfunction induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in mice. The present in vivo study investigated the antitumor effects of Yulangsan polysaccharides (YLSPS) and their interaction with CTX in murine sarcoma 180 (S180)-bearing mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. The ultrastructure of sarcoma cells was examined by transmission electron microscopy and the tumor growth rate was determined by measuring the tumor weight. A dose-dependent inhibition of sarcoma growth was observed in S180-bearing mice following administration of YLSPS. In combination with CTX, an additive antitumor effect was obtained, which was accompanied by amelioration of immune function. YLSPS also potentiated the tumor suppression effect of CTX while avoiding cytotoxicity against immune cells. YLSPS inhibited sarcoma growth in S180-bearing mice through the induction of apoptosis in S180 sarcoma cells. YLSPS also attenuated CTX-induced cytotoxicity to the immune system while potentiating the tumor suppression effect. These results provide additional information regarding combination therapy with YLSPS and chemotherapy for the treatment of sarcoma. IntroductionSarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors that are mesenchymal in origin and account for 1% of adult tumors and 15% of pediatric tumors (1,2). Approximately 80% of sarcomas originate from soft tissue and 20% from bone. Similar to other types of solid tumors, conventional therapy includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The role of adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for sarcoma has not yet been fully elucidated, as large prospective analyses have not demonstrated their unequivocal benefit (3,4); however, a previous meta-analysis suggested that adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with a moderate overall survival advantage (5). A number of agents are currently used for sarcoma therapy, including doxorubicin, ifosfamide, dacarbazine, cisplatin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide (CTX) and etoposide. Under most circumstances, the combination of ≥2 agents is commonly used in patients with sarcoma, as combination chemotherapy appears to increase response rates; however, it is associated with greater toxicity, with immunosuppression being one of the most serious side effects, with no overall survival advantage (6).Yulangsan, also referred to as Longyanshen, is a commonly used herb in the indigenous Zhuang community in Guangxi, China, and is derived from the dried roots of Millettia pulchra Kurz var-laxior (Dunn) Z. We. Locally, this herb is used for patients recuperating after illness and those concerned about their general health. In the published literature, it has been reported that Yulangsan may enhance the function of the immune system (7). Kong et al found that ...

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Assessment of Genetic Correlation between Bacterial Cold Water Disease Resistance and Spleen Index in a Domesticated Population of Rainbow Trout: Identification of QTL on Chromosome Omy19

Cited by 62 publications

References 54 publications

Acoustic Transmitters Impact Rainbow Trout Growth in a Competitive Environment

Acoustic Transmitters Impact Rainbow Trout Growth in a Competitive Environment

A BCWD-resistant line of rainbow trout exhibits higher abundance of IgT+ B cells and heavy chain tau transcripts compared to a susceptible line following challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum

Antitumor activity of yulangsan polysacchrides in mice bearing S180 sarcoma tumors

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