Assessment of genetic diversity in inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) and its relationship with heterosis

Abstract

The genetic divergence among thirteen genotypes of maize were estimated by using Mahalanobis D 2 statistic for ten characters. The genotypes were grouped into three clusters. Cluster I comprised 11 parental genotypes (CLQR, VL111, R4093, R6429, S8481, S8200, CML490, HK1, WLS, CLQRC and G18), while Cluster II (CLQ25) and III (CG18) were mono-genotypic. The highest inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster II and III (4.88) followed by cluster I and III (4.67). Maximum genetic distance was observed between the parents WLS and G18, whereas minimum distance was observed between the parents VL111 and S8481 suggesting more variability in genetic makeup of the genotypes included in these clusters. Cluster I comprising of 11 genotypes have maximum mean values for number of kernels per row and number of kernels row per cob while minimum mean values for plant height and ear height. Cluster II containing only CLQ25 have maximum mean values for ear girth and grain yield per plant. The highest contribution in the manifestation of total genetic divergence was exhibited by grain yield per plant (28.63%) followed by ear girth (28.47%), ear length (19.23%), number of kernel per row (11.50), number of kernels row per cob (10.04). Out of 30 crosses, 11 crosses showed positive significant heterobeltiosis for grain yield per plant. The crosses CLQ25 × CLQR and WLS × R4093 belongs to high divergent class. It could be concluded that genetic diversity can be utilized as a reliable parameter for predicting heterosis in hybrids.

Parental Diversity and Its Relationship with Performance of F1 Hybrid in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

“…This suggests the accumulation of favourable alleles in parents and when they converge in hybrid combination gives superior performance even if they belong to low divergence class. Earlier workers have also reported similar results in different crops like Suman et al [30] in maize, Krishnamurthy et al [31] in chilli, Usatov et al [32] in sunflower, Pandey et al [33] in Indian pigeonpea and Tripathy et al [34] in sesame.…”

Molecular Characterization of Early Maturing Sugarcane Clones Using Microsatellite Markers

“…Among these ISSR markers have proved to be the most powerful tool for diversity analysis in molecular breeding due to their abundance, high reproducibility, multi-allelic nature, co-dominant inheritance, and cross transferability. The hypervariability of SSRs among related organisms makes them an informative and excellent choice of markers for a wide range of applications in sugarcane, which include assessment of genetic diversity is an essential prerequisite for identifying potential parents for hybridization Suman et al [2], highdensity genetic mapping [3], molecular tagging of genes [4], genotype identification [5].…”

Heterosis in relation to genetic divergence in short duration maize (Zea mays L.)

“…The adaptability of maize grain, as well as its high demand, has resulted in a rapid expansion in global production. Maize kernels contain roughly 60-70 per cent carbohydrates, 9-11 per cent crude protein, 2-3.5 per cent crude fibre, 3-5 percent lipids, and 20 mg of calcium per 100 g of kernels and can be used as direct consumption or processed into food products (Suman et al, 2020). The examination of genetic diversity is a precondition for selecting suitable parents for hybridization in any crop improvement programme.…”

“…D 2 analysis is a valuable method for determining the degree of genetic divergence between biological populations at the genotypic level, as well as determining the relative perspectives of individual components to overall divergence at both the intraand inter-cluster levels (Suman et al, 2020;Bhadru et al, 2020;Matin et al, 2017). The goal of this research was to see whether there is a link between the heterotic effect of hybrids and the genetic diversity of parental components in maize.…”