Assessment of genotoxic potential of Hridayarnava Rasa (a herbo-mineralo-metallic ayurvedic formulation) using chromosomal aberration and sperm abnormality assays

Jagtap, Chandrashekhar; Chaudhari, Swapnil; Thakkar, Jalaram H; Galib, R; Prajapati, PK

doi:10.4103/0971-6580.155331

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Previous studies revealed that N 1-MEQ exhibited adrenal toxicity in H295R cells ( Wang et al, 2016c ) and genotoxicity in mice ( Liu Q. et al, 2016 ). The connections of sperm abnormality with genotoxicity ( Jagtap et al, 2014 ; Devaux et al, 2015 ; Dong et al, 2015 ; Das et al, 2016 ; Liu W. et al, 2016 ) and sex hormones ( Liu W. et al, 2016 ; Cremonese et al, 2017 ; Ring et al, 2017 ) were well recognized. Commonly, alterations of sex hormones and steroidogenic pathways are associated with the function of the adrenal gland ( Sohn et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of the Testis Toxicity Induced by Chronic Exposure to Mequindox

Liu¹,

Lei

Huang

et al. 2017

Front. Pharmacol.

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Mequindox (MEQ) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent widely used in China since the 1980s. Although the toxicity of MEQ is well recognized, its testis toxicity has not been adequately investigated. In the present study, we provide evidence that MEQ triggers oxidative stress, mitochondrion dysfunction and spermatogenesis deficiency in mice after exposure to MEQ (0, 25, 55, and 110 mg/kg in the diet) for up to 18 months. The genotoxicity and adrenal toxicity may contribute to sperm abnormalities caused by MEQ. Moreover, using LC/MS-IT-TOF analysis, two metabolites, 3-methyl-2-(1-hydroxyethyl) quinoxaline-N4-monoxide (M4) and 3-methyl-2-(1-hydroxyethyl) quinoxaline-N1-monoxide (M8), were detected in the serum of mice, which directly confirms the relationship between the N→O group reduction metabolism of MEQ and oxidative stress. Interestingly, only M4 was detected in the testes, suggesting that the higher reproductive toxicity of M4 than M8 might be due to the increased stability of M4-radical (M4-R) compared to M8-radical (M8-R). Furthermore, the expression of the blood-testis barrier (BTB)-associated junctions such as tight junctions, gap junctions and basal ectoplasmic specializations were also examined. The present study demonstrated for the first time the role of the M4 in testis toxicity, and illustrated that the oxidative stress, mitochondrion dysfunction and interference in spermatogenesis, as well as the altered expression of BTB related junctions, were involved in the reproductive toxicity mediated by MEQ in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of the Testis Toxicity Induced by Chronic Exposure to Mequindox

Liu¹,

Lei

Huang

et al. 2017

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Inorganic Safe from genotoxic hazards 23 . Swasa kuthara rasa and smriti Inorganic Free from genotoxicity abnormality 24 .…”

Section: Hridayarnava Rasamentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Mercury Really Toxic? The Way Forward for its Judicious Medicinal Applications Based on the Therapeutic Doctrines of Ayurveda

Yadav¹,

Chaudhary

2018

Current Science

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Mercury-based formulations have been extensivelyused in Indian and Chinese systems of medicine with high therapeutic index. However, at present mercury is considered as a global pollutant having potent neurotoxic effects. Also, it has been proposed to ban the export, import and manufacture of a range of products containing mercury from 2021. This situation compels one to ponder how mercury-based formulations were safe during ancient times, but are now considered to be toxic. Naturally mercury occurs in three forms, viz. elemental (Hg), inorganic (HgS, HgCl 2 ) and organic (MeHg). Organic mercury is completely absorbed by gastrointestinal tract, and elemental mercury is 75-80% absorbed by the lungs only in vapour state, while 10% of inorganic mercury is absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, organic mercury crosses the blood brain barrier and placenta, producing neurotoxic symptoms and foetal toxicity. In Ayurvedic science, mercury is converted only into inorganic form with special stabilization technology and this stabilized mercury is converted to mercuric polysulphides under gastrointestinal conditions, whereas elemental mercury is converted to organic form by specific bacteria. Thus mercury available in the atmosphere is converted into organic form that is highly toxic, while using Ayurvedic methods it is converted to inorganic form having potent therapeutic activity. Judicious and injudicious application of mercury has advantageous and disadvantageous effect respectively.

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“…Formulations like Swasa kuthara rasa, Smriti sagara rasa, Swarnamakshika bhasma, Hridayarnava rasa, and Tamra bhasma are reported to be free from genotoxic potential. [39][40][41][42] Though mercury is said to be a potent neurotoxin, Rasa sindhura and Kajjali are proven to be safe and free from toxicity on the Zebra fish behavior model. 43 All such studies on Ayurvedic formulations provided leads, emphasizing safety, efficacy, and usefulness of traditional systems of medicines.…”

Section: Studies That Have Proven Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Concerns on Ayurvedic Herbomineral Formulations–Myth or Reality?

Kaushik¹,

Singh²,

Prajapati³

2018

Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences

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Background: Ayurveda, systematically evolved science of the universe, focuses on preventing, preserving health, and curing diseases in a comprehensive way. This heritage is survived through the ages and Ministry of Ayurvedic, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) took a number of initiatives to showcase its usefulness at global levels. Exclusive and extensive use of various metals and minerals in therapeutics is an integral part in Ayurveda. But, safety and toxicity concerns in the past couple of decades opened debates in conventional community, which attempted to malign the glory of Ayurveda. Aim:The aim of this study is to review classical concepts and published researches on metallic formulations and generate evidences inferring the effectiveness and safety of Ayurveda interventions in different pathologies.Results: Classical Ayurveda texts are filled with comprehensive information pertaining to drug collection, storage and preservation methods, standards of raw materials, standard operative procedures for different dosage forms, quality control aspects for finished products, shelf life, posology, safety, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) on inappropriate use of medicines and their management, concurrent diet advices, etc., to avoid possible ill effects. It infers that the seers were well studied about good collection practices (GCPs), good storage practices (GSPs), good manufacturing processes (GMPs), therapeutic use of such formulations, good dispensing practices (GDPs), good agricultural and collection practices (GACPs), etc., and took maximum care in the management of diseases. To substantiate classical concepts, a good number of studies on herbomineral and metallic formulations have been conducted that have proven their safety and efficacy. Conclusion:It can be said that rational use of Ayurvedic formulations is well established before the period of Charaka Samhita, more than 5,000 BC. All the safety and efficacy concerns raised in the recent past are possibly some part of conspiracy that needs to be addressed systematically.

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Assessment of genotoxic potential of Hridayarnava Rasa (a herbo-mineralo-metallic ayurvedic formulation) using chromosomal aberration and sperm abnormality assays

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Mechanisms of the Testis Toxicity Induced by Chronic Exposure to Mequindox

Mechanisms of the Testis Toxicity Induced by Chronic Exposure to Mequindox

Is Mercury Really Toxic? The Way Forward for its Judicious Medicinal Applications Based on the Therapeutic Doctrines of Ayurveda

Safety Concerns on Ayurvedic Herbomineral Formulations–Myth or Reality?

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