Assessment of genotoxicity of Lannate-90® and its plant and animal metabolites in human lymphocyte cultures

Abstract

This study evaluated direct and metabolic genotoxic effects caused by Lannate-90 ® , a methomyl-based formulation (90 % active ingredient), in human lymphocyte cultures using sister chromatid exchange assay (SCE). Two processes were used for the plant promutagens evaluation: in vivo activation, applying the insecticide systemically in plants for 4 h and subsequently adding plant metabolites containing extracts to lymphocyte cultures; and in vitro activation, where the insecticide was incubated with Vicia faba S10 mix plus human lymphocyte culture. Direct treatment with the insecticide significantly increased SCE frequency in human lymphocytes (250-750 mg L ® to treat human lymphocytes, a dose-response relationship was observed. In lymphocyte cultures treated directly with the insecticide for 2 h, a negative response was obtained. When S10 mix was added, SCE frequency did not change significantly. Meanwhile, a mixture of S9 mammalian metabolic mix and Lannate-90 ® increased the SCE frequency, with an observed concentration-dependent response. Although Lannate-90 ® induced cellular death at the highest concentrations, it did not cause a delay in cell proliferation in any of the treatments, confirming its genotoxic action. This study is one of the first to evaluate and compare the direct effect of Lannate-90 ® in two bioassays, animal and vegetal, and the effect of plant and animal metabolism on its genotoxic potential.

In vitro assessment of the cytotoxic, DNA damaging, and cytogenetic effects of hydroquinone in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

“…The contradictory results obtained thus far using well-established cytogenetic methods call for further studies, which motivated us to perform this investigation. Its aim was to explore the mechanisms of hydroquinone toxicity and assess the relationships between its cytotoxic, genotoxic, and cytogenetic effects tested at 8, 140, and 280 µg mL -1 in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed for 24 h. This experimental model was chosen since lymphocytes are primary cells with a stable genome, commonly used for genotoxicity testing in many contemporary studies (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). The outcomes of treatment were evaluated using the apoptosis/necrosis assay, the alkaline comet assay, and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay.…”

INDUCCIÓN DE MICRONÚCLEOS EN CÉLULAS MERISTEMÁTICAS DE LA RAÍZ DE Vicia faba TRATADAS CON DIFERENTES CONCENTRACIONES DE MARVEL®

“…Son pocos los estudios que se han realizado para evaluar el potencial genotóxico y/o citotóxico de diferentes formulaciones comerciales de plaguicidas mediante diversos sistemas de prueba (Koller et al 2012, Valencia-Quintana et al 2016a. Aneuploidía y poliploidía han sido inducidas por atrazina en Allium cepa y Vicia faba (Srivastava y Mishra, 2009), al igual que fragmentos cromosómicos (Bolle et al 2004), lo cual podría explicar la presencia de MN en las células meristemáticas de la raíz de Vicia faba en este trabajo.…”

“…Entre los más de 200 bioensayos conocidos en la literatura, las plantas superiores son consideradas como excelentes indicadores de efectos citogenéticos y mutagénicos de contaminantes ambientales. Estos bioensayos son confiables y muy sensibles para el monitoreo y la evaluación de agentes genotóxicos (Valencia-Quintana et al 2013, 2016b. Vicia faba ha sido considerada como un sistema de prueba ideal para evaluar genotoxicidad y ha sido incluida en el programa Gene-Tox (Ma 1999).…”

“…Los MN han sido considerados por muchos autores como uno de los biomarcadores más sencillos y efectivos para analizar los efectos genotóxicos inducidos por agentes químicos (Valencia-Quintana et al 2013). La formación de MN puede ser resultado de daños directos a los cromosomas o alteraciones al huso y al aparato mitótico (Çavuşoğlu et al 2012).…”

“…Sin embargo, a pesar de los beneficios asociados con su uso, muchos de éstos representan riesgos potenciales para la salud pública y el ambiente debido a sus posibles efectos citotóxicos / genotóxicos (Valencia-Quintana et al 2016a).…”