Assessment of geospatial and hydrochemical interactions of groundwater quality, southwestern Nigeria

Abstract

Groundwater pollution resulting from anthropogenic activities and poor effluent management is on the rise in Nigeria. Hence, groundwater used for domestic purposes is questionable and therefore calls for scientific scrutiny. Investigation of hydrochemical interactions and quality of groundwater resource is essential in order to monitor and identify sources of water pollutants. As a result, groundwater samples were collected from 21 locations in Abeokuta South, Nigeria and analyzed for physicochemical parameters using standard methods. Results obtained were subjected to hydrochemical and geospatial analyses. Water quality parameters investigated exhibited wide variations from location to location. Fe2+, Mg2+, SO42−, Cl−, total hardness (TH), Mn, Na+, NO3−, SiO2, and alkalinity exhibited the highest levels of variation with coefficients of variation of 131.3, 92.8, 83.9, 76.7, 65.9, 64.3, 57.6, 57.2, 57.0, and 52.5, respectively. The average pH value was 6.76 with 71% of the water samples being slightly acidic. Na2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and EC contents exhibited the most violation of drinking water standards with percent violations of 100, 52.4, 47.6, and 47.6%, respectively. Parameters, such as Mn, Ca2+, NO3−, and CO32−, were within the WHO guideline values for drinking water in all the samples. The highest level of significant correlation was found to exist between Na+ and Cl− (r = 0.84, α = 0.01). Six principal components, which explained 83.5% of the variation in water quality, were extracted with the first (34.1%) and second components (15.7%) representing the influence of mineral dissolution and anthropogenic practices, respectively, on the hydrochemistry of the area. Four hydrochemical clusters were identified with distinctly partitioned water quality. Further analysis revealed that 38, 29, 24, and 9% of the samples were the Na-K-HCO3, Na-K-Cl-SO4, Ca-Mg-HCO3, and Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 types, respectively. Anthropogenic activities are increasing threat to groundwater quality in the study location and therefore call for urgent attention. There is also a need for routine monitoring of groundwater in Abeokuta.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s10661-018-6799-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Groundwater quality assessment in Jirania Block, west district of Tripura, India, using hydrogeochemical fingerprints

“…In this plot, samples are equally distributed in class I and II, which indicate good permeability and the water can be used for irrigation. Table 4 shows the comparison of present study chemical composition of groundwater with few other parts of world and India regions [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. It is clearly noticed that the chemical concentration of West Tripura (present study) is much lower than the world and India regions.…”

Assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of water samples in Lakhimpur district (Assam), India

“…5 Groundwater quality investigated in Abeokuta (Nigeria) show manipulation of mineral dissolution and anthropogenic vibes that are regarded as the main intimidation to groundwater pollution. 6 Even EC (electric conductivity) and SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) were higher in secondary treatment wastewater which was used for irrigation purpose in arid and semi-arid zones. 7 The samples for physicochemical analysis of Indus Delta exceeds WHO limits and specify increase of pollution for aquatic life due to existence of human actions and presence of certain coliform microbes.…”

Gis-based Analysis of Water Quality Parameters of Groundwater with Proximity to Onsite Wastes Pits in Vom Community of Jos South, Nigeria

“…It is a powerful tool for mapping groundwater vulnerability to solve and assess water quality problems. Furthermore, it helps in understanding spatial and temporal variations of the physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters [11][12][13][14][15]4].…”