Assessment of glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a clinic-based study in a slum of Kolkata

Abstract

Background: Although diabetes is a chronic condition, it can be controlled and managed to prevent complications. Long-standing diabetes with poor glycaemic control leads to many complications. This study aims to assess the glycaemic control status and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients attending Urban Health Centre in a slum of Kolkata, West Bengal.Methods: A clinic-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 184 diabetic patients attending clinic at Urban Health Centre, Chetla from October-December 2017. Each respondent was interviewed using a structured schedule to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, disease profile and self-care activities. Height and weight were measured. Individuals with PPBS ≥160 mg/dl were said to have poor glycaemic control. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0.Results: Out of 184 participants, 37.5% had poor glycaemic control. Mean (±SD) age of the participants was 51.64 (9.64) years. Median duration of diabetes was 4 years. 104 (56.5%) had overweight/ obesity. Only 26.6% had satisfactory dietary practice. Test results revealed ≥4 years duration of diabetes, overweight/ obesity, smoking, unsatisfactory diet and non-adherence to medications as significant predictors of poor glycaemic control, explaining 31.6% of the variance of glycaemic control with non-significant Hosmer–Lemeshow statistics.Conclusions: The study has identified factors associated with poor glycaemic control among the study participants. Emphasis on promoting a healthy lifestyle which includes a healthful eating plan, cessation of smoking, maintaining optimum body weight and strictly adhering of prescribed medications would go a long way in maintaining good glycaemic control.

Evaluation of glycemic control and related factors among outpatients with type 2 diabetes at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

“…The prevalence of inadequate & poor glycemic control status was comparable to previous studies conducted in Saudi Arabia (74.9%) [28], Ghana (70%) [32], Uganda (73.52%) [33] and Northeast Ethiopia (70.8%) [11]. However, the magnitude of inadequate and poor glycemic control status in the current study was greater than previously reported in the United States (69%) [34], India (37.5%) [27], Tanzania (49.8%) [35], North West Ethiopia (60.5%) [36], Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (68.3%) [10] and East Ethiopia (45.2%) [6]. The higher proportion of poor glycemic control in the present study than previous studies conducted in parts of the country could be that patients seeking advanced treatment were referred to the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.…”

“…The questionnaire was developed based on various similar previous studies [18,[25][26][27][28] and was further modified to include important variables from this study [see Additional file 1]. It was initially prepared in English, translated into Amharic, the local language, and retranslated into English again to ensure consistency.…”

Lifestyle, dietary and treatment adherence pattern of uncontrolled diabetics in coastal Karnataka, India

“…(7) However, in the current study, gender or age were not found significant determinants for poor glycaemic control similar to other studies done in elsewhere in India. (8,9,10) The proportion of diabetics who performed exercise was low (12%) in our study. This was similar to other studies among diabetics which found high proportion (56%) of urban diabetics to be physically inactive.…”

“…Similarly, positive association between smoking and diabetes have been found in communitybased studies among diabetics. (8,14) In our study, overall, 76% were compliant to medications and gave no history of missing tablets. This is similar to the compliance rate seen in another study among diabetics in rural Tamil Nadu and Bangalore.…”

Unequal burden of equal risk factors of diabetes between different gender in India: a cross-sectional analysis

“…Studies have analysed socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of diabetes but left the gender differential analysis in its prevalence across different socio-economic groups 18 , 19 . Few other studies have focused either on a single state or the geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes in the country 20 – 22 .…”