Assessment of Ground Water Quality in  Baba I Village, North-West Cameroon

Biosengazeh, Nchofua Festus; Mofor, Nelson Alakeh; Tamungang, Njoyim Estella Buleng; Mvondo-Zé, Antoine David

doi:10.4236/gep.2020.84007

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…There was no significant difference between the dry and the rainy season in the positivity rate of typhoidal salmonellosis and amoebiasis in the BHD. This confirms previous findings that in Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo, a more constant occurrence of typhoidal salmonellosis has been described with no distinct seasonal cycle [ 20 , 21 ]. This is contrary to what has been observed in Blantyre, Malawi where a distinct seasonal cycle of salmonellosis exists with peak in March-June following the rainy season [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The influence of COVID-19 barrier measures on the positivity rate of typhoidal salmonellosis and amoebiasis in the Buea Health District, South West Region of Cameroon

Sunday

Nyasa

Mokake

2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Typhoidal salmonellosis and amoebiasis are prevalent in the Buea Health District (BHD) and it is evident that hand hygiene can reduce the transmissibility of these diseases. The barrier measures enforced by the government, in the wake of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to behavioural changes which may have had an influence on the positivity rate of these diseases. This study seeks to determine the influence of COVID-19 barrier measures and the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination on the positivity rate of typhoidal salmonellosis and amoebiasis in the BHD. A retrospective study, with purposive and random sampling methods were used to select health facilities in BHD, whose laboratory records were reviewed using a data extraction form to obtain health information of patients who tested for typhoidal salmonella and/or Entamoeba histolytica from June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021. Chi-square test was used to compare the positivity rate in the pre-and-COVID-19 and in the pre-and-vaccination era. The positivity rate of typhoidal salmonellosis and amoebiasis dropped from 57.8% and 2.7% in the pre-COVID-19 era to 34% and 1.8% in the COVID-19 era respectively, which were significant (χ2 = 945.8; P<0.001 and χ2 = 11.8; P = 0.001 respectively). Within the COVID-19 era, the positivity rate of salmonellosis and amoebiasis decreased from 39% and 2.6% before the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination to 27.7% and 0.8% respectively in the COVID-19 vaccination era and these differences were significant (χ2 = 149.1; P<0.001 and χ2 = 33.8; P<0.001 respectively). However, the positivity rate of salmonellosis between the rainy (43.5%) and the dry (42.8%) seasons and amoebiasis between the rainy (2.2%) and the dry (2%) seasons were not significantly different (χ2 = 0.6; P = 0.429 and χ2 = 0.54; P = 0.463 respectively). A significant decline in the positivity rate of typhoidal salmonellosis and amoebiasis was observed after the implementation of COVID-19 barrier measures and vaccination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The influence of COVID-19 barrier measures on the positivity rate of typhoidal salmonellosis and amoebiasis in the Buea Health District, South West Region of Cameroon

Sunday

Nyasa

Mokake

2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…where K (Constant) = 1/(1/S1+1/S2+1/S3+......+1/Sn) Saxena and Sharma expressed as the inverse of the sum of inverses of standard parameters used [2], in order to make the parameters expressed by large numbers to weigh less in the final formula (Equation 1) [12]; and S i = Standard values for different water quality parameters, q i is the water quality rating of the i th parameter, and is expressed as:…”

Section: Estimation Of Water Quality Index (Wqi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Surface Water Qualities in Ihetutu Mining Areas of Ishiagu, Nigeria, using Water Quality Index Model

Ag¹,

Sha’Ato²

2020

jcde

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The quality of surface water from rivers, streams and ponds around Ihetutu mining areas in Ishiagu, was evaluated using Water Quality Index (WQI) model, to assess their suitability for drinking purposes at different seasons. Surface water samples were collected in rainy, late rainy, dry and late dry seasons, from 10 cm below water surface of the streams, ponds, and mine pits into 1.0 L polyethylene bottles, rinsed thoroughly with deionized water. The samples were preserved at 4oC in an ice box and then transported to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were digested and analyzed, using standard methods for nine physico-chemical parameters including pH, Cl-, SO 4 2-, NO 3-, DO, BOD 5 , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K +. NESREA regulatory values for surface water were used as standard values while mean values of the physico-chemical parameters were used as observed values to determine the WQI for each sampling station. Ranges of the physico-chemical parameters were:

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Effectiveness and health risk assessment of drinking water from different sources treated by local household water treatment methods in Bamenda, Cameroon

Nkwatoh,

Yakum,

Itor

2023

Water Reuse

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This study accessed the efficiency and health risks of drinking water from different sources treated by filtration, boiling, chlorination, flocculation, and solar disinfection. The microbial quality of 45 treated water samples from boreholes, wells, and pipe-borne water was analyzed to determine treatment effectiveness and to quantify risk using quantitative microbial risk assessment. The effectiveness of each treatment method was a function of sampling sources (p < 0.05) and location (p < 0.10), chlorination and boiling being the most efficient methods (100%). Shiegella in well water samples treated by filtration and flocculation had the highest daily infection risk of 69.5 × 10−1 and 67.5 × 10−1 pppd. The annual risk of infection from Salmonella, Shigella, and Staphylococcus ranged from 7.8 × 10−1 to 1.00 pppy, exceeding the U.S. EPA annual infection benchmark (≤10−4 pppy). Salmonella, Shigella, and Staphylococcus had the highest risk of illness of 4.50 × 10−1, 3.30 × 10−1, and 9.80 × 10−1, respectively. All disease burden values exceeded the WHO disease burden benchmark (≤10−6 DALYs/pppy), with Staphylococcus and Salmonella contributing the highest disease burden of 4.71 × 10−2 and 2.13 × 10−2, DALYs/pppy. Therefore, boiling and chlorination are the best disinfection methods for the pathogens tested.

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Assessment of Ground Water Quality in Baba I Village, North-West Cameroon

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

The influence of COVID-19 barrier measures on the positivity rate of typhoidal salmonellosis and amoebiasis in the Buea Health District, South West Region of Cameroon

The influence of COVID-19 barrier measures on the positivity rate of typhoidal salmonellosis and amoebiasis in the Buea Health District, South West Region of Cameroon

Assessment of Surface Water Qualities in Ihetutu Mining Areas of Ishiagu, Nigeria, using Water Quality Index Model

Effectiveness and health risk assessment of drinking water from different sources treated by local household water treatment methods in Bamenda, Cameroon

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