Assessment of groundwater quality, toxicity and health risk in an industrial area using multivariate statistical methods

Abstract

Background: This study investigates the common and anthropogenic activities that impact the science of groundwater in and around an industrial zone and exhibits the utilization of multivariate statistical methods for groundwater quality, toxicity and health risk associated with contaminated industrial sites for proficient administration of water assets. A total of 120 groundwater samples were collected during summer and winter season, and analyzed for their twenty physicochemical constituents including seven toxic heavy metals (pH, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), F, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, CO 3 , HCO 3 , NO 3 , SO 4 , As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn). Data obtained was treated using principal component analysis (PCA)/factor analysis (FA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), Correlation coefficient and health risk analysis to find the common pollution source. Results: The results for mean abundance during two seasons for cations and anions were 7 and 6.9 for pH; 1875 and 1527 for TDS; 3 and 3.3 (µs/cm) for EC; 655 and 569 for Ca 2+ ; 59 and 56 for Mg 2+ ; 340 and 211 for Na + ; 5 and 4 mg/L for K + ; 148 and 126 for CO 3 2− 301 and 228 for HCO 3 − ; 289 and 223 for Cl − 0.5 and 0.85 for F − ; 99 and 86 for SO 4 2− 28 and 23 mg/L for NO 3 −. While for heavy metals 18 and 4 for As; 2 and 0.4 for Cd; 29 and 5 for Cr; 17 and 4 for Cu; 25 and 6 for Ni; 82 and 3 for Pb; 953 and 989 µg/L for Zn, respectively. FA identified six dominant factors for each during summer and winter seasons that explained 70.43% and 71.06% of the variance in the dataset. Health risk assessment of chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) during both seasons were in the order Ca > Na > HCO 3 > Cl > CO 3 > SO 4 > Mg > NO 3 > K > F and was as well computed. Conclusion: The significant reasons for water quality degrading in the study area were associated with various natural and anthropogenic sources and their unsystematic apportionment, show that proper land uses, industrial planning, design some remedial techniques and implementation of existing laws to have active groundwater resource management.

Physicochemical quality, microbial load and health risk assessment of groundwater in view of the sustainable development goals 3, 6, and 11 in Osogbo, Nigeria

“…To establish water asset pro cient administration, Krishna et al (2019) examined 120 samples of groundwater between the summer/ dry season and winter/ wet season using a combination of multivariate analyses and risk assessment in India and linked the degraded water quality to urgent attention which includes judicious land uses, proactive planning for the existing industries, designing of mitigation techniques, and effective implementation of the laws which exist. The lost qualities in the water were associated with various pollution sources while the health risk indices showed that the qualities could be restored provided treatment measures are integrated.…”

Development of Artificial intelligence model with aid of statistical methods for simulation of water quality indices in north Khartoum area, Sudan

“…Water quality evaluation and management are issues profoundly affecting human life. In particular, the groundwater quality is impacted to a large extent by both natural and artificial contamination sources (Krishna et al, 2019). According to World Health Organization (WHO 2017), about 80% of all the diseases in human beings are water-borne.…”