Assessment of groundwater quality using Entropy-Weighted Quality Index (EWQI) and multivariate statistical techniques in Central Ganga plain, India

Ahmad, Shamshaad; Umar, Rashid; Ahmad, Izrar

doi:10.1007/s10668-022-02776-8

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…83 The northern part of Gujarat hosts the world's largest saltmarsh "the Great Rann of Kutch," 84 which corroborates the predicted high of salinity in the area. Other areas in the Indus-Ganges river basin 36,37,85 and the peninsular parts 42,86−88 have been reported to suffer high inland salinity, which also confirms our predictions.…”

Section: Limitations Of Model Predictionssupporting

confidence: 91%

Groundwater Salinity Across India: Predicting Occurrences and Controls by Field-Observations and Machine Learning Modeling

Sarkar,

Das,

Mukherjee

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Elevated groundwater salinity is unsuitable for drinking and harmful to crop production. Thus, it is crucial to determine groundwater salinity distribution, especially where drinking and agricultural water requirements are largely supported by groundwater. This study used field observation (n = 20,994)based machine learning models to determine the probabilistic distribution of elevated groundwater salinity (electrical conductivity as a proxy, >2000 μS/cm) at 1 km 2 across parts of India for near groundwater-table conditions. The final predictions were made by using the best-performing random forest model. The validation performance also demonstrated the robustness of the model (with 77% accuracy). About 29% of the study area (including 25% of entire cropland areas) was estimated to have elevated salinity, dominantly in northwestern and peninsular India. Also, parts of the northwestern and southeastern coasts, adjoining the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, were assessed with elevated salinity. The climate was delineated as the dominant factor influencing groundwater salinity occurrence, followed by distance from the coast, geology (lithology), and depth of groundwater. Consequently, ∼330 million people, including ∼109 million coastal populations, were estimated to be potentially exposed to elevated groundwater salinity through groundwater-sourced drinking water, thus substantially limiting clean water access.

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