Assessment of Groundwater Quality with Respect to Fluoride

Abstract

The study was conducted in the summer season (April-May 2007). The fluoride concentration along with physico-chemical parameters in ground water samples was determined in various villages of Kadi tehsil at Mehsana district of Gujarat state (India), since in most of the villages it is the only source of drinking water. The fluoride concentrations in these villages varied from 0.94 to 2.81 mg/L (1.37+/-0.56) with highest fluoride level at Visalpur (2.08 mg/L) and lowest at Adaraj (0.91 mg/L). There was found a positive correlation of pH with fluoride and a negative relationship of fluoride with bicarbonate which is generally observed in deep ground water.

Fluoride Contamination of Groundwater and Skeleton Fluorosis in Central India

“…The F − content in the water of the studied area was found to be higher than reported in other parts of the country [1]- [15].…”

“…The over extraction of groundwater caused huge weathering of the metamorphic rocks. In several regions of the country, the groundwater was contaminated with F − beyond permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L with linking of fluorosis diseases in human [1]- [15]. The Balod district, Chhattisgarh, India is a rice producing area, taking multiple crops by using the water resources.…”

Worldwide contamination of water by fluoride

“…(2009),Salve et al (2008),Singh et al (2011),Vikas et al (2009),Rao (2009),Kantharaja et al (2012),Guo et al (2012),Gupta et al (1999),Madhnure et al et al (1993),Rao et al (1993),Chakraborti et al (2000),Kundu et al (2001), Farooqi et al (2007a), Brindha et al (2011), Dar et al (2011), Kim et al (2011), Singh et al (2011), Jabal et al (2014) -Calcium Chakraborti et al (2000), Rao (2009) Jacks et al (1993), Gupta et al (1999), Das et al (2003), Vasquez et al (2006), Ramanaiah et al (2006), Farooqi et al (2007a), Madhnure et al (2007), Shaji et al (2007), Mondal et al (2009), Vikas et al (2009), Brindha et al (2011), Dar et al (2011), Singh et al (2011), Guo et al (2012), Xu et al (2013), Jabal et al (2014), Li et al (2015) Magnesium Rao (2009) Gupta et al (1999), Farooqi et al (2007a), Xu et al (2013) Hardness Rao et al (1993), Das et al (2003) Bicarbonate Jacks et al (1993), Gupta et al (1999), Kundu et al (2001), Vasquez et al (2006), Farooqi et al (2007a), Madhnure et al (2007), Rao (2009), Keshavarzi et al (2010), Brindha et al (2011), Dar et al (2011), Singh et al (2011), Kantharaja et al (2012), Jabal et al (2014), Singh and Mukherjee (clear from the table that in general none of the parameter show good correlation EC electrical conductivity, O 18 heavy oxygen isotope Environ Chem Lett…”

Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in relation to fluoride in ground water in the villages of Birbhum district, West Bengal, India

“…H 2 O ? CO 2 (Salve et al 2008). The interpretation of the results of the chemical analyses of water samples was done using Piper diagrams to discriminate the type of waters in terms of the major constituent cations (Na ?…”