Assessment of Growth Plate Chondrocytes Proliferative Activity in Embryonic Endochondral Ossification via Ki-67 Immunofluorescence

Almubarak, Asra; Berry, Fred B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2736-5_17

Methods in Molecular Biology

2022

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2736-5_17

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Assessment of Growth Plate Chondrocytes Proliferative Activity in Embryonic Endochondral Ossification via Ki-67 Immunofluorescence

Asra Almubarak¹,

Fred B. Berry²

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2024

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FOXC1 and FOXC2 regulate growth plate chondrocyte maturation towards hypertrophy in the embryonic mouse limb skeleton

Almubarak,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

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The Forkhead box transcription factors Foxc1 and Foxc2 are expressed in condensing mesenchyme cells at the onset of endochondral ossification. We used the Prx1-cre mouse to ablate Foxc1 and Foxc2 in limb skeletal progenitor cells. Prx1-cre;Foxc1Δ/ Δ;Foxc2Δ/Δ limbs were shorter than controls, with worsening phenotypes in distal structures. Cartilage formation and mineralization was severely disrupted in the paws. The radius and tibia were malformed, while the fibula and ulna remained unmineralized. Chondrocyte maturation was delayed with fewer Indian Hedgehog-expressing, prehypertrophic chondrocytes forming and a smaller hypertrophic chondrocyte zone. Later, progression out of chondrocyte hypertrophy was slowed, leading to an accumulation of COLX-expressing hypertrophic chondrocyte zone and formation of a smaller primary ossification center with fewer osteoblast progenitor cells populating this region. Targeting Foxc1 and Foxc2 in hypertrophic chondrocytes with Col10a1-cre also resulted in an expanded hypertrophic chondrocyte zone and smaller primary ossification center. Our findings suggest that Foxc1 and Foxc2 direct chondrocyte maturation towards hypertrophic chondrocyte formation. At later stages, Foxc1 and Foxc2 regulate function in hypertrophic chondrocyte remodelling to allow primary ossification center formation and osteoblast recruitment.

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FOXC1 and FOXC2 regulate growth plate chondrocyte maturation towards hypertrophy in the embryonic mouse limb skeleton

Almubarak,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

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Assessment of Growth Plate Chondrocytes Proliferative Activity in Embryonic Endochondral Ossification via Ki-67 Immunofluorescence

Cited by 1 publication

References 11 publications

FOXC1 and FOXC2 regulate growth plate chondrocyte maturation towards hypertrophy in the embryonic mouse limb skeleton

FOXC1 and FOXC2 regulate growth plate chondrocyte maturation towards hypertrophy in the embryonic mouse limb skeleton

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