Assessment of health hazards related to contaminations of fluorides, nitrates, and nitrites in drinking water of Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan

Hameed, Aslam; Nazir, Saima; Rehman, Jalil Ur; Ahmad, Nisar; Hussain, Altaf; Alam, Iftikhar; Nazir, Alia; Tahir, Muhammad Bilal

doi:10.1080/10807039.2020.1858021

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Generally, the results suggest that both water sources were unsafe for consumption and can likely result in health issues particularly to children, the elderly, and visitors. For example, nitrate levels in surface water exceeded the national limits of 50 mg/L thereby highly likely to cause a blue baby syndrome in infants (Adimalla and Li, 2019;Aher et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2017;Chica-Olmo et al, 2017;Hameed et al, 2021). Similarly, both sources…”

Section: Results and Discussion Presenting Water Quality Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water quality is an imperative matter which can directly be linked to human health and the general wellbeing of society (Aher et al, 2020). However, due to the uneven distribution of freshwater and contamination from both natural and anthropogenic sources (Adegbola et al, 2021;Hameed et al, 2021), the provision of safe water is now a major challenge in most rural areas in Nigeria. Drinking water must be free from impurities or substances that can likely affect human health (Ajala et al, 2020;Jabbo et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Water Quality and the Non-Carcinogenic Health Risks of Surface and Groundwater in Ibi – Taraba State

Ojimma¹,

Joshua²

2022

FJS

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The high concentration of chemical and biological contaminants in rural water is known to cause waterborne and water-related diseases. This study provides insights into the quality of surface and groundwater used for consumption and other domestic uses in Ibi environs. It further assesses the association between water quality variables and evaluates the chronic non-carcinogenic health risk using hazard quotient and hazard index. Thirty water samples each from the river and hand-dug wells were collected and the values of 17 variables were measured. The results showed that 58.8% and 35.3% of surface and groundwater failed to conform to national drinking water guidelines. The result for correlation between measured variables indicates both positive and negative correlation between variables across both water sources with pH negatively correlating with turbidity (r = -0.832) and TDS (r = -0.714) while temperature correlated positively with turbidity (r = 0.925), TDS (r = 0.793) and TH (r = 0.847). The results of human health risk show NO3- as the most dominant variable in inducing non-carcinogenic health risk in surface water while F- was the most inducing variable for groundwater. Based on the THI values, all the water sources showed long-term health risks above the safe limit even though some of the variables were within the national standards. There is therefore the need to address agricultural activities which is likely the major cause of nitrate in drinking water within the study region.

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Section: Results and Discussion Presenting Water Quality Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Water Quality and the Non-Carcinogenic Health Risks of Surface and Groundwater in Ibi – Taraba State

Ojimma¹,

Joshua²

2022

FJS

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“…Due to the influence of industrial and agricultural activities, the concentration of nitrogen pollutants in rivers has increased, significantly impacting river ecological environments and human health [1]. The sources of nitrogen pollutants are complex, and this is related to the population distribution and land use type of a basin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Variations in Nitrate Sources and Transformations in the Midstream of the Yellow River Determined Based on Nitrate Isotopes and Hydrochemical Compositions

Su,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Water

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Nitrate pollution is a major environmental problem threatening rivers, and nitrogen and oxygen isotopes have proved to be an effective means of analyzing the sources and transformations of nitrate in rivers. However, a low monitoring frequency cannot accurately reflect the changes in nitrate. In this study, the sources and transformations of nitrate in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and its tributaries during the dry season and the wet season were analyzed based on water quality parameters and nitrate isotopes. Stable isotope analysis conducted using the R (SIAR) model was used to estimate the proportions of different nitrate sources. The results showed that the main nitrate sources in the main stream were soil nitrogen (40.95–45.83%) and domestic sewage and manure (30.93–32.60%), respectively, with little variation between the dry season and wet season because of the large flow of the Yellow River. During the dry season, the nitrate sources of the two tributaries were mainly domestic sewage and manure (45.23–47.40%), followed by soil nitrogen (31.35–34.00%). However, the primary nitrate source of T2 (Qin River) became soil nitrogen (40.05%) during the wet season, a phenomenon that was mainly caused by the significant increase in river discharge and in soil erosion in the basin. During the wet season, the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate (NO3−) significantly decreased in the main stream and tributaries, and nitrification and denitrification processes occurred in both the main stream and tributaries of the Yellow River. In addition, the T2 tributary (Qin River) was also significantly affected by mixed dilution. High-frequency sampling can reflect the isotopic information of nitrate in the river more comprehensively, which helps us to understand the conversion process of nitrate more accurately.

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“…About 80% of all diseases across the world have resulted from the use of poor-quality water (Qasemi et al 2019). Many nations have faced Fand NO 3 contaminated waters, some of them include India Kumar 2021), China (Chen et al 2017;Su et al 2021), Pakistan (Arshad and Imran 2017;Hameed et al 2021), and Sri Lanka (Rajasooriyar et al 2013). Chen et al (2016) studied nitrate pollution and associated health risk in Ningxia, China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater evaluation of northern Jazmourian (south Iran) for drinking, agriculture, and associated health risks of nitrate and fluoride contamination

Abbasnejad

Derakhshani

2022

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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To investigate groundwater quality in the north of Jazmourian (Roudbar plain), 30 samples were collected and analyzed for evaluating drinking and irrigation status and associated health risks. In addition to major anions and cations, the fluoride and nitrate content of samples were analyzed using standard procedures. Nitrate levels range between 6.6 and 131 mg/L and exceed the WHO permissible limit in more than 23% and 80% of samples for adults and children, respectively. Fluoride amounts ranged from 0.4 to 4.8 mg/L in samples. The Flevel exceeded the WHO standard limit in 10% of samples. The EC level increases in fine-grained deltaic deposits toward the south. The concentrations of major ions (HCO 3 , Cl, SO 4 , Mg, Na, K) increase southwards, following the flow direction. There are, however, lateral (east-west) differences in water quality due to the influence of such factors as the rate of recharge and the type of bedrock. Wherever the redbeds comprise the bedrock and the recharge rate is weaker, the dissolved salts are higher in amount. The water quality index (IWQ) indicated that 13, 13, and 4 samples are in "good," "poor," and "very poor" quality classes, respectively. By using the irrigation water quality index (IWQI), eight samples were at "low restriction," nine samples at "moderate restriction," twelve samples at "high restriction," and one sample at "severe restriction" classes. The acquired findings revealed that the mean oral hazard quotient of nitrate was 1.14, 1.0, and 0.84, and for fluoride, it was 0.82, 0.72, and 0.61 for children, females, and males, respectively. The total hazard index for cumulative NO 3 and Ftoxicity exceeded the acceptable level in 76.67%, 66.67%, and 56.67% of samples for children, females, and males, respectively.

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Assessment of health hazards related to contaminations of fluorides, nitrates, and nitrites in drinking water of Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Assessing Water Quality and the Non-Carcinogenic Health Risks of Surface and Groundwater in Ibi – Taraba State

Assessing Water Quality and the Non-Carcinogenic Health Risks of Surface and Groundwater in Ibi – Taraba State

Spatio-Temporal Variations in Nitrate Sources and Transformations in the Midstream of the Yellow River Determined Based on Nitrate Isotopes and Hydrochemical Compositions

Groundwater evaluation of northern Jazmourian (south Iran) for drinking, agriculture, and associated health risks of nitrate and fluoride contamination

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