Assessment of health literacy among outpatient clinics attendees at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Egypt: a cross-sectional study

Determinants and Consequences of Limited Health Literacy in Polish Society

“…The available evidence from population studies shows that health literacy may depend on sex, age, level of education, economic and/or social status, and the type of vocational activities. In the research carried out to date, it has been demonstrated that lower HL is displayed by men rather than by women [4][5][6][7], by people having lower levels of educational attainment than by those with higher levels [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], by single people than by married people [7,13], by people with lower social status than by those with a higher status [8,11,14], by people of lower rather than those of higher economic status or income [4,[7][8][9]13,15,16] and, finally, by people living in more challenging conditions [6,8]. In most studies, there was also a general trend for HL decreasing with age [4,6,8,9,15].The efforts undertaken in the last decade resulted in a comprehensive assessment of the consequences of limited health literacy.…”

“…Other studies, in which national versions of the HL questionnaire developed within the HLS-EU project were used, confirmed that low HL may be associated with people's poor self-assessment of health status [12,20], the prevalence of long-term illnesses [12], the higher utilisation of health care resources [14,21], and a lower level of physical activity [22][23][24].Although the scope of information which arises from the HLS-EU-Q47 is extensive, it appears that the size of the tool may result in reduced compliance of respondents, especially if the questionnaire is used as a part of a survey which is also focused on other issues. Therefore, a shortened but also validated, the 16-item version has been used in many surveys (HLS-EU-Q16) [5,12,[25][26][27][28][29]. The HLS-EU-Q16 questionnaire has been used not only in direct interviews with respondents [27,29] but also for telephone-based studies [12,26,30] or online surveys [31].…”

“…Although the scope of information which arises from the HLS-EU-Q47 is extensive, it appears that the size of the tool may result in reduced compliance of respondents, especially if the questionnaire is used as a part of a survey which is also focused on other issues. Therefore, a shortened but also validated, the 16-item version has been used in many surveys (HLS-EU-Q16) [5,12,[25][26][27][28][29]. The HLS-EU-Q16 questionnaire has been used not only in direct interviews with respondents [27,29] but also for telephone-based studies [12,26,30] or online surveys [31].…”

Psychometric validation of Swedish and Arabic versions of two health literacy questionnaires, eHEALS and HLS-EU-Q16, for use in a Swedish context: a study protocol

“…As a result of that study’s analysis, the shorter 16-item version, HLS-EU-Q16, was developed 2. Both the HLS-EUQ47 and HLS-EU-Q16 have been used frequently in many different countries and are available in a range of languages 2 18 20–22…”

“…The Arabic and Swedish versions of HLS-EU-Q16 have been translated in line with guidelines for the translation of instruments and tested for face validity among migrants in Sweden 25. The Swedish and Arabic versions of the HLS-EU-Q16 have since been used in several studies in Sweden7 18 26 and Egypt 20. However, the translated Swedish and Arabic versions have not yet been tested for other aspects of validity and comprehensive health literacy has not been compared between Swedish-speaking and non-Swedish-speaking people.…”