Assessment of Healthcare Waste Management Practices in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria

Uwa, Clementina

doi:10.7763/ijesd.2014.v5.512

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Nevertheless, few participants reported no knowledge of how their contractors dealt with their waste materials. The findings of this study are comparable with some studies in Nigeria that revealed that incineration (or burning) method of disposal is the most prominent method of destruction of healthcare wastes in Nigeria [29, 30]. The people that returned their expired or unused medications to drug wholesalers/distributors knew how they dispose of the returned expired drugs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Assessment of disposal practices of expired and unused medications among community pharmacies in Anambra State southeast Nigeria: a mixed study design

Michael

Ogbonna

Nduka

et al. 2019

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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Background Expired or unused medicines are potentially toxic substances that should be managed effectively to avoid accumulation of potentially toxic pharmaceuticals in the environment. In Nigeria, there is currently limited literature on the methods and protocols used by community pharmacists in the disposal of expired drugs. This study assessed disposal practices of expired and unused medications by pharmacists in Anambra State and compared them to the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) guideline on disposal of expired drugs. Methods A questionnaire survey and key informant interview (KII) was used for the study. The pre-tested revised and adapted questionnaires were sent to all the 103 community pharmacies in Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) 2015 record of registered pharmacies in Anambra State. The participants were asked questions about how they disposed of expired and unused medications. The respondents that used NAFDAC or drug wholesalers were asked questions on how the third party destroys their expired drugs. In addition to the use of a questionnaire, KII was conducted to assess relevant professionals and stakeholders in this area. Results The study recorded 77 successfully returned questionnaires out of the 103 distributed and a response rate of 74.8%. The various disposal methods were: through NAFDAC 28.0 (31.8%), drug distributors 21.0 (23.9%), rubbish bins 8.0 (9.1%); this was mainly for solid dosage forms. However, 6.0(7.1%) reported that they used the sink to dispose of their liquid dosage forms and 24.0 (29.6%) noted they do not stock Class B controlled drugs. A lesser proportion of respondents 18.0 (23.4%) complied fully with the national guideline on disposal of expired drugs, while 17.0 (22.1%) complied partially and 42.0 (54.5%) did not comply. Some of the respondents 17.0 (22.1%) reported that NAFDAC uses incineration or other forms of heat to dispose of expired drugs, but 19.0 (24.7%) reported they do not know how NAFDAC dispose of their expired drugs. Majority of the respondents 55.0 (71.4%) suggested the state-run disposal system. Conclusion Poor compliance with the national guideline for medication disposal increases the potential risk of contamination of our environment and increases the possibility of ingesting toxic pharmaceutical wastes by humans and animals. This underscores the need for improvement on expired drugs management protocols to prevent contaminations and the attendant health hazards.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Assessment of disposal practices of expired and unused medications among community pharmacies in Anambra State southeast Nigeria: a mixed study design

Michael

Ogbonna

Nduka

et al. 2019

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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“…As revealed by relevant past studies on HCWM, some of the attributable reasons for poor HCWM in the country, include non-segregation of HCWs, (HCWs are usually mixed with municipal waste and treated together off-site), absence of HCWM policy, and lack of awareness about HCWM among healthcare workers. 9,[22][23][24][25][26] Between 2007 and 2011, the incidence of hepatitis B infection in Nigeria rose from 5, 222 cases in 2007 to 7, 825 in 2011. 27 Then, it was projected that the populations of people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria could rise from 2, 999, 000 in 2007 to 3,300,004 in 2011.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of solid healthcare wastes in some government healthcare facilities in Enugu state, Southeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Umegbolu¹,

Ozoejike²

2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: The significance of healthcare wastes (HCWs) consists in their hazardous component, which constitutes real danger to public health. In Nigeria, healthcare waste management (HCWM) has remained a problem yet to be properly recognized and so addressed. The study aimed to sensitise health workers and the public on the need for proper management of HCWs, considering the public health implications of not doing so.Methods: The waste management systems of ten healthcare facilities (HCFs) were assessed, using a modification of the WHO rapid assessment tool. In each HCF, segregated wastes were collected daily for ten days and quantified by weighing, using a spring balance.Results: Administratively, the HCWM system was poor in the ten HCFs (40.6%). 70% of them had satisfactory waste segregation, 81%, good waste treatment, and 26.7% adequate transportation methods for waste. None of the HCFs had budget allocation for HCWM, and 90% had inadequate storage facilities. Mean waste generation was 1.81 kg/day, 0.23 kg/patient/day, 0.16 kg/bed/day, and proportion of infectious wastes 16.8%. Correlation between the number of patients and proportion of infectious waste, was positive, strong and significant (r=0.80, p=0.01), and between bed occupancy rate and proportion of infectious waste, was positive too, but weak, and insignificant (r=0.34, p=0.34).Conclusions: In view of the identified weaknesses of the ten HCFs in HCWM, budget allocations for HCWM, improving waste storage facilities and transportation, with strengthening of waste segregation, collection, and treatment, would help to ensure adequate HCWM in the HCFs.

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“…According to WHO [4], these comprise sharp objects such as blades, needles, and syringes: non-sharps, such as bandages, swabs, body parts, and blood; chemicals, such as disinfectants, solvents, and mercury; pharmaceuticals and radioactive materials. Additionally, contaminated pharmaceutical products, expired drugs, and vaccines constitute medical waste and must be appropriately disposed of [5]. Discarded items contaminated from use in the handling of pharmaceuticals are also parts of medical waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discarded items contaminated from use in the handling of pharmaceuticals are also parts of medical waste. These discarded items include masks, connecting tubing, bottles or boxes with residues, drug vials, and syringe bodies [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lagos State Hospital Waste Management Practices: A Descriptive Overview with Stakeholders’ Role and Key Recommendations

Maxwell¹,

Chuku²,

Ananaba³

et al. 2023

JEP

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Background: Waste generation and its disposal is an essential issue in the sustainability of the environment and the planet's future. Waste management is essential across sectors, likewise the health sector. Therefore, there is a need to employ extra care and attention to handling waste generated from healthcare facilities to avoid the dangers of poor biomedical waste management. We carried out this study to examine the waste management practice in healthcare facilities in Lagos State. Methods: The study was a descriptive survey carried out in one-thousand two hundred and fifty-six (1256) healthcare facilities in Lagos State. Nine hundred sixty-nine (969) of these facilities are located in urban areas, while two hundred and eighty-seven (287) are rural. The facilities studied are government/public health facilities (15.45%), private-for-profit facilities (82.88%), NGOs, Mission/Faith-Based medical facilities (1.67%). The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Specifically, we utilized bar charts, frequency, and percentage. Result: The result shows that 98.4% ( 1236) of the studied facilities are registered with the Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA), while 1.6% (20) are not registered. 98.5% (191) of the 194 government-owned facilities, 98.5% (1025) of the 1041 private-for-profit facilities, and 98.2% (20) of the 21 NGOs/faith-based health facilities are registered with Lagos State Waste Management Authority. The result also shows that 94% of the healthcare facilities studied in Lagos State use color-coded waste bags to segregate waste at the point of origin. 58.7% of the facilities use red-colored bags, 33.3% use yellow-colored bags, 10.7% use black-colored bags, and 1.3% use brown biohazard bags for segregating Infectious waste. Also, 34.

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Assessment of Healthcare Waste Management Practices in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Assessment of disposal practices of expired and unused medications among community pharmacies in Anambra State southeast Nigeria: a mixed study design

Assessment of disposal practices of expired and unused medications among community pharmacies in Anambra State southeast Nigeria: a mixed study design

Management of solid healthcare wastes in some government healthcare facilities in Enugu state, Southeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Lagos State Hospital Waste Management Practices: A Descriptive Overview with Stakeholders’ Role and Key Recommendations

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