Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soil and Garlic Influenced by Waste-Derived Organic Amendments

Abstract

In South Asia, the high costs of synthetic fertilizers have imposed research on alternative nutrient inputs. We aimed to identify potential trace elements (PTE) present in some organic manure that might be a source of environmental pollutions and risk to public health following consumption. The study aims to evaluate how different organic waste (poultry waste, PW; press mud, PM; and farmyard manure, FYM) influences the heavy metal migration in soil, the accumulation in garlic, and their potential health risks. Organic waste caused a higher accumulation of certain metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, and Co), whereas Mn, Cd, Cr, and Pb were in lower concentrations in soil. Amendments of soil with PM revealed a higher accumulation of Cd, Cr, Fe, and Pb, whereas PW resulted in Cu and Zn accumulation in garlic. Treatment of soil with FYM exhibited higher metal concentration of Co and Mn. An environmental hazard indices study revealed that pollution load index (PLI) was highest for Cu following treatment with PM. The health risk index (HRI) was greater for Cd following amendment with PM. Maximum daily intake of metals (DIM) was observed for Zn after treatment with PW. The Pb exhibited maximum bioconcentration factor (BCF) in PM-amended plants. Based on these findings, we concluded that garlic grown on contaminated soil with organic waste may pose serious health hazards following consumption.

Influence upon Biogas Production of the C/N Ratio and the Heavy Metal Incidence in the Manure Composition

“…The quality of manure depends on several factors such as the type of animal, age of animal, and feed administered [78]. Unfortunately, however, they often contain components that affect plants, animals and human health [79] (p. 850).…”

“…Scattered on the ground in large quantities, animal manure with a high content of heavy metals can affect the soil, water and plants [57] (p. 4488-4498). At the same time, incompletely decomposed animal manure can burn plant roots and cause greenhouse gases [58] (p. [75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89].…”

Multifaceted Ability of Organic Fertilizers to Improve Crop Productivity and Abiotic Stress Tolerance: Review and Perspectives

“…In another study, poultry manure application resulted in a higher accumulation of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb), whereas it resulted in a reduction in the accumulation of Cu and Zn in garlic. Further, it was also noted that the application of organic fertilizers reduced the pollution load index, health risk index, and daily intake of metals compared to control conditions [250]. Further, the use of organic manures also substantially improved the leaf water status, stomata conductance, photosynthesis, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidant activities (APX, CAT, POD, and SOD), which improved the plant performance under HM stress [245,251].…”

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“…Copper ion concentrations ranged from 0.45 to 2.09 mg•kg -1 . According to Akhter et al (2022), the range of the health risk indexes of A. sativum in differently treated pots was between 0.0006 and 2.89. Health risk index values of the treatments were in the following order: Cr < Mn < Fe < Co < Cu < Zn < Pb < Cd.…”