Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Groundwater at Leather Industrial Area of Kasur, Pakistan

Afzal, Muhammad; Shabir, Ghulam; Iqbal, Samina; Mustafa, Tanveer; Khan, Qaiser M.; Khalid, Zafar M.

doi:10.1002/clen.201100715

Cited by 75 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…They were analysed later for: Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, COD, TOC, BOD 5, total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured as described earlier by Eaton et al (). Colour was determined by Spectroquant NOVA‐60 instrument (Merck Germany), whilst heavy metals, including Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and Fe, were estimated through AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) (Hitachi Model Z‐8000 Polarized Zeeman AAS, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) as described earlier (Afzal et al ). The effluent exhibited higher levels of COD, BOD 5, TDS and TSS (471 ± 24.4, 246 ± 12.1, 4572 ± 51.2 and 392 ± 14.1 mg/L, respectively) than the allowed threshold values (150, 80, 3500 and 150 mg/L, respectively) of the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) of Pakistan.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaugmentation of floating treatment wetlands for the remediation of textile effluent

Tara

Iqbal

Khan

et al. 2018

Water & Environment J

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This pilot study evaluated the effects of bacterial augmentation on the efficiency of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) to remediate textile wastewater. Two wetland plants, Phragmites australis and Typha domingensis, were used to develop FTWs, which were then augmented with a bacterial consortium of three strains (Acinetobacter junii, Pseudomonas indoloxydans, and Rhodococcus sp.). Results showed that both plant species removed colour, organic matter, toxicity, and heavy metals from textile wastewater and their removal efficiency was further enhanced by augmentation with bacteria. The maximum removal efficiencies of colour, COD and BOD after an 8‐day period were 97, 87 and 92%, respectively, by FTWs carrying P. australis inoculated with the bacterial consortium. Furthermore, the same combination showed 87–99% reduction of heavy metals in the textile wastewater as well. These results indicate that FTWs can be used for the treatment of textile effluent and their working efficiency can be improved by plant‐bacterial synergism.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaugmentation of floating treatment wetlands for the remediation of textile effluent

Tara

Iqbal

Khan

et al. 2018

Water & Environment J

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“…The tanneries in Hazaribagh are posing a grave threat to the environment. During tanning operation, many chemicals such as NaCl, H 2 SO 4 , Ca(OH) 2 , Cr(SO 4 ) 3, dyes are extensively used in which the leather takes only 50% -60% of the applied chemical and rest of them discharge as effluents [9]. Most of the tanneries in Hazaribagh do not have effluent treatment facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Concentration in Different Layers of Tannery Vicinity Soil and Near Agricultural Soil

Rahaman¹,

Afroze²,

Bashar³

et al. 2016

AJAC

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This research was conducted to bring out the appropriate level of heavy metal contamination in soil at the site of Buriganga river bank near the Hazaribagh tannery area and the normal agricultural area to evaluate heavy metal contamination in soil due to untreated tannery effluents. AAS flame method was used to determine the concentration of Chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) in several depths of the soil. Results showed that, the heavy metal concentration in soil at the site of Buriganga river bank in the tannery vicinity and normal agricultural area significantly varies, such as Cr varies (561.71 -31.23) mg/kg, Zn varies (158.23 -73.5), Pb varies (70.58 -24) and Cd varies (2.25 -0.71) mg/kg in the river bank as well as in the normal agricultural area Cr varies ) and Cd varies (1.30 -0.64) mg/kg. The study indicated that heavy metals concentration was found to be significantly higher in river bank soils than in the normal agricultural area. This metal concentration in soil is responsible for the promotion of toxicity in agricultural products. Therefore, the human health and environment are affected by these areas.

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“…Large increases in the overuse of nitrogen fertilizers and the discharge of wastewaters [6,7] have led to nitrate contamination. Research has shown that fly ash disposal, leather industries, mining industries, and natural contamination have caused chrome accumulation in the environment [8][9][10]. In China, many rivers receive water contaminated with heavy metals, as well as domestic wastewater discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a Self-Powered System for Simultaneous In Situ Remediation of Nitrate and Cr(VI) Contaminated Synthetic Groundwater and River Sediment

Han

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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A novel self-powered system was constructed to in situ remove nitrate and Cr(VI) from synthetic groundwater and achieve river sediment remediation simultaneously. The sediment organic matter in an anodic chamber was used as a carbon source to provide self-powered energy to reduce the cathode's contaminants. With the acceptance of protons and electrons, nitrate and Cr(VI) were transformed into nitrite and Cr(III), respectively. In a 72 h test with both nitrate and Cr(VI) present, nitrate was removed at a rate of 70.96 mg/m 3 ·h and Cr(VI) at a rate of 8.95 mg/m 3 ·h. When a phosphate buffer was used in the test, their removal rates were changed to 140.83 mg/m 3 ·h and 8.33 mg/m 3 ·h, respectively. The results showed that the self-powered system could achieve the simultaneous reduction of nitrate and Cr(VI), although the presence of Cr(VI) hindered nitrate reduction. This system could realize simultaneous in situ groundwater and sediment remediation, with no need for additional energy or materials. nitrate and Cr(VI) coexisting in groundwater using 3-dimensional bio-electrochemical systems (BES) has been achieved, but it still needs applied potentials [16].Aquatic sediment acts as a repository for multiple pollutants in rivers and lakes, and as a significant source of internal pollutants. Pollutants include organic matter, metal contaminants, and inorganic salts [17][18][19]. Organic substances play an important role in the deterioration of water quality because when it catabolized, the dissolved oxygen in water consumed, thus results in an anoxic or anaerobic condition of water. Conditions, such as water disturbances and temperature/pH changes can lead to contaminants being released from the sediments [20].Many strategies have been proposed for the remediation of sediments. Although ex situ remediation methods, such as dredging and dry excavation can control the release of pollutants, these methods are harmful to the water environment and are also a waste of resources [19,21]. Since there are large quantities of organic matter in the sediments [22,23], with the use of sediment as a carbon source in sediment microbial fuel cells systems (sMFC) [24,25], the organic matter can be used as a carbon source, as well as an energy source for microorganisms to reduce other contaminants. To our best knowledge, the research of simultaneous treatment of contaminated groundwater and the remediation of sediment achieved without inputting additional energy and materials, has not been reported yet.In this study, a self-powered system was constructed for the in situ removal of nitrate and Cr(VI) from synthetic groundwater, and the remediation of sediment simultaneously. Using Ti wire and proton exchanger, for the connection of river sediment rich in organic matter and the nearby nitrate and Cr(VI) contaminated groundwater for their simultaneous remediation. The system was half biotic: the aquatic sediment on the anode side contained electro-active organisms, whilst the cathode side was abiotic. The aquatic sediment was used as an e...

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Groundwater at Leather Industrial Area of Kasur, Pakistan

Cited by 75 publications

References 26 publications

Bioaugmentation of floating treatment wetlands for the remediation of textile effluent

Bioaugmentation of floating treatment wetlands for the remediation of textile effluent

A Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Concentration in Different Layers of Tannery Vicinity Soil and Near Agricultural Soil

Construction of a Self-Powered System for Simultaneous In Situ Remediation of Nitrate and Cr(VI) Contaminated Synthetic Groundwater and River Sediment

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