Assessment of Heavy Metal(loid)s Pollution in Arable Soils near Industrial Complex in Gyeongsang Provinces of South Korea

Abstract

Industrial complex releasing huge amounts of dusts, fumes and wastewater containing heavy metal(loid)s could be a source of heavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soil. Heavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soil adversely affect crops safety, subsequently human being. Hence, it is important to accurately assess the heavy metal(loid)s pollution in soil using pollution indices. The objectives of this study are 1) to compare assessment methods of heavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soils located near industrial complex in Gyeongsang provinces and 2) to determine the relationship between concentration of plant available heavy metal(loid)s and chemical properties of soil. Soil samples were collected from 85 sites of arable lands nearby 10 industrial complex in Gyeongsang provinces. The average total concentration of all heavy metal(loid)s of the studied soils was higher than that of Korean arable soils but did not exceed the warning criteria established by the Soil Environmental Conservation Act of Korea. Only six sites of arable soils for the total concentration of As, Cu and Ni exceeded the warning criteria (As: 25 mg kg -1 , Cu: 150 mg kg -1 , Ni: 100 mg kg -1 ). The contamination factor (CF) and geoaccumulation index (I geo ) of the heavy metal(loid)s in arable soils varied among the sampling sites, and the average values of As and Cd were relatively higher than that of other metals. Results of integrated indices of As and Cd in arable soils located near industrial complex indicated that some arable soils were moderately or heavily polluted. The plant available concentration of heavy metal(loid)s was negatively related to the soil pH and negative charge of soil. Available Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations had relatively high correlation coefficient with pH and negative charge of soil when compared with other heavy metal(loid)s. Based on the above results, it might be a good soil management to control pH with soil amendments such as lime and compost to reduce phytoavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in arable soil located near industrial complex.

Comparing Heavy Metal Pollution in Agricultural Field Located at the Industrial Complex with Calculation of Pollution Index

“…특히 화학공장의 경우 인근 토양에서 Cd, Pb, As의 농도가 높았 으며 (Nadal et al, 2009), 금속공장 인근에서는 Zn의 농도가 높았고 (Vousta et al, 1996), 다양한 업종과 도로가 밀집 한 곳에서는 Cd, Pb의 농도가 높은 것으로 보고된 바 있다 (Acosta et al, 2011). 보고 된 바 있으나 (Naidu et al, 1994;Hong et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2018)…”

“…또한, 최근 경상도 (Kim et al, 2018), 강원, 충남, 전남, 경남 (Lee et al, 2019), 경기도 (Jeong et al, 2020)에 위치한 산업단지 인근 농경지에 대해 다양한 지수화 방법으로 중금속 오염도 조사 및 평가 결과가 보고되기도 하였다.…”

Pollution Load Index for Heavy Metals of Agricultural Soils Adjacent to Industrial Complexes in the Jeon-Buk Regions of Korea

“…To evaluate whether soil is polluted or contaminated by heavy metals or not, some indexes such as pollution index (PI) and pollution load index (PLI) are used to determine soil's ------------------------------------------(PI) ------------------------------------------ 2) that identified soil is not polluted (Wu et al, 2014;Roudposhti et al, 2016;Jorfi et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2018). The highest PI values were 0.4 and 0.4 for top and sub for Cd at Hwangsan and Wanju agricultural industrial complexes.…”

Comparison of Pollution Indicies in Assessing the Heavy Metal(loid)s Pollution of Arable Soils Adjacent to Industrial Complex in Gyenggi-do

“…As, Cu, Ni, Pb 및 Hg는 I geo 가 음의 값으로 나타나 오염되지 않았으나 Cd과 Zn은 I geo 가 0.78, 0.04로 비오염에서 중간오염 (unpolluted to moderately polluted) 수준으로 평가되었다 (Fig.2). 국내 선행연구 를 살펴보면Kim et al (2018)은 경상도 지역 산업단지 인근의 농경지를 대상으로 직접 산출한 배경농도를 토대로 오 염도를 평가하였는데 As, Cd, Cu, Ni 및 Pb의 I geo 가 1.66, 1.88, 0.95, 1.23 및 1.08로 나타났다. PI와 마찬가지로 본 연 구결과와 Kim et al (2018)의 결과는 이용한 배경농도가 다르기 때문에 직접적인 비교는 어려운 실정이다.…”