Assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Emerald Lake using of spatial distribution and multivariate techniques

Karthikeyan, P.; Vennila, G.; Venkatachalapathy, R.; Subramani, T.; Prakash, R.; Aswini, M. K.

doi:10.1007/s10661-018-7037-0

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Sahoo et al 68 stated that the types of statistical processing and data manipulation are critical for understanding the role of various factors in the final geochemistry of the lake sediments. Multidimensional statistical methods are most frequently used for this purpose, among which cluster analysis and principal component analysis dominate 9,[27][28][29] . Aitchison 66 , Filzmoser et al 67 , Sahoo et al 68 indicates that data transformation should be carried out before statistical analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causes of variations of trace and rare earth elements concentration in lakes bottom sediments in the Bory Tucholskie National Park, Poland

Sojka

Choiński

Ptak

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The objective of this study was to analyse spatial variability of the trace elements (TEs) and rare earth elements (REEs) concentration in lake bottom sediments in Bory Tucholskie National Park (BTNP); Poland. The following research questions were posed: which factors have a fundamental impact on the concentration and spatial variability of elements in bottom sediments, which of the elements can be considered as indicators of natural processes and which are related to anthropogenic sources. The research material was sediments samples collected from 19 lakes. The concentrations of 24 TEs and 14 REEs were determined. The analyses were carried out using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-QQQ). Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to determine the spatial variability of the TEs and REEs concentrations, indicate the elements that are the indicators of natural processes and identify potential anthropogenic sources of pollution. The geochemical background value (GBV) calculations were made using 13 different statistical methods. However, the contamination of bottom sediments was evaluated by means of the index of geo-accumulation, the enrichment factor, the pollution load index, and the metal pollution index. The BTNP area is unique because of its isolation from the inflow of pollutants from anthropogenic sources and a very stable land use structure over the last 200 years. This study shows high variability of TE and REE concentrations in lake sediments. The values of geochemical indices suggest low pollution of lakes bottom sediments. It was found that TEs originated mainly from geogenic sources. However, the concentrations of Li, Ni, Sc, Se, Be, Se, Ag, Re, Tl, Cd, Sb and U may be related to the impact of point sources found mainly in the Ostrowite Lake. Almost all REEs concentrations were strongly correlated and their presence was linked to with geochemical processes. The elements allowing to identify natural processes and anthropogenic pollution sources were Cr, Co, Cu, Ag, Cd, Zn, Bi, Re, Ba, Al and Rb in TEs group and Nd, Gd, Yb, Lu, Eu, Dy and Ce in REEs group. The analysis shows high spatial variability of TE and REE concentrations in lake sediments. The values of geochemical indices point to low pollution of lakes sediments. The anthropogenic sources only for two lakes had an impact on concentrations of selected TEs and REEs. The analyses allowed to identify elements among TEs and REEs documenting geochemical processes and those indicating anthropogenic sources of pollution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, research is carried out in order to identify sources of pollution. There is often an overlap between different sources of pollution 27 . Therefore, various statistical analyses are carried out to highlight the share of particular sources of pollution in the total transport of TEs to lakes [28][29][30][31] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of variations of trace and rare earth elements concentration in lakes bottom sediments in the Bory Tucholskie National Park, Poland

Sojka

Choiński

Ptak

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…The main sources of Cu, Cr and Co are from leachates due to landfill, wastewater from urban areas, sewages and other geogenic materials. From the result it is very clear that the Emerald Lake suffers from rigorous Pb contamination and its higher concentration originated from sewage discharges and the basin like structure of the lake [10].…”

Section: Experimental Design Methods and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dataset for spatial distribution and pollution indices of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Emerald Lake, Tamil Nadu, India

Perumal

Vennila²,

Nanthakumar

et al. 2020

Data in Brief

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The dataset for this manuscript with the spatial distribution of heavy metals such as Mn, Zn, Ni, Co, Pb, Cr, Cu and Fe, pollution indices of the surface sediments in the Emerald Lake, India, the significant source of pollution, are determined. The methods for calculation of pollution indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Degree (CD), modified Contamination degree (mCd) and Contamination factor (CF) are considered to know the level of heavy metal pollution in the study area. In this data, the results of pollution indices suggest that almost all the sites are polluted by heavy metals. The data could be very useful to metal pollutants and their sources in the surface sediments.

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“…Pearson's correlation analysis defines the relationship between the heavy metals and their major contributors in the environment [49][50][51]. Pearson's correlation coefficients for sand, mud, OM, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn components are shown in Table 7 & Figure 7.…”

Section: Pearson's Correlation Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal pollutants and their spatial distribution in surface sediments from Thondi coast, Palk Bay, South India

Perumal

Antony

Subagunasekar

2021

Preprint

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Background The concentration of heavy metals and their spatial distribution in surface sediments collected from the Thondi coast, Palk Bay, South India were analysed in this study. The sediment grain size, pH, EC, and heavy metal concentrations (Mn, Fe, Cr, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Pb) were determined and the values for the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), potential contamination index (Cp), potential ecological risk index (PERI), contamination factor (CF), modified contamination degree (mCd), degree of contamination (Cd), and potential contamination factors (Cp) were calculated based on their background values to determine the pollution level of the study area. The sediment grain size, pH, EC, and heavy metal concentrations were determined and the values for the pollution indices were calculated based on their background values to determine the pollution level. Results The pollution indices, namely EF, CF, Cd, mCd, CP, \({\text{E}}_{\text{r}}^{\text{i}}\), and PERI, except for Igeo, revealed that the heavy metal contamination was due to Cd, while a moderate level of contamination was caused by Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr. The principal component analysis and correlation matrix analysis showed a strong positive loading for Cd due to its high level of contamination in the study area. Anthropogenic inputs such as municipal wastewater, domestic sewage discharge, fishing harbour activities, and industrial and aquaculture wastes led to the increased Cd concentration in the study area. Moreover, the pollution load index revealed that the sediments were polluted by heavy metals. Conclusion The findings of this study revealed that the increased concentration of heavy metals in the study area increases the toxicity in the marine environment, thus affecting the ecosystem.

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Assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Emerald Lake using of spatial distribution and multivariate techniques

Cited by 37 publications

References 48 publications

Causes of variations of trace and rare earth elements concentration in lakes bottom sediments in the Bory Tucholskie National Park, Poland

Causes of variations of trace and rare earth elements concentration in lakes bottom sediments in the Bory Tucholskie National Park, Poland

Dataset for spatial distribution and pollution indices of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Emerald Lake, Tamil Nadu, India

Heavy metal pollutants and their spatial distribution in surface sediments from Thondi coast, Palk Bay, South India

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