Assessment of HIV testing among young methamphetamine users in Muse, Northern Shan State, Myanmar

Saw, Yu Mon; Poudel, Krishna C.; Kham, Nang Pann Ei; Chan, Nyein; Cope, Jessica E; Wai, Kyi Mar; Tun, Soe; Saw, Thu Nandar

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-735

Cited by 19 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Having a history of STI was associated with the outcome, as has been observed in other studies (25,27,34). The presence of STI increases the risk of contracting HIV (26) and also increases self-perceived risk (25).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The questionnaire was constructed by the researchers and included variables derived from instruments previously validated in vulnerable populations (10,11,24,26,27,30,(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39) and other potential factors associated with HIV testing. The interviews were conducted by members of the study team who were professional experts in mental health and had been previously trained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV Testing in Non-Injection Drug Users: Prevalence and Associated Factors

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Testing in Non-Injection Drug Users: Prevalence and Associated Factors

et al. 2017

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“…For example, it remains difficult to assess the situation of growing methamphetamine use among adolescents in Myanmar, sparking a risk of an HIV epidemic through risky sexual behaviour 27, without clear and disaggregated data. The issue of data collection among this age group is a serious barrier to the HIV response in developed countries as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and AIDS among adolescents who use drugs: opportunities for drug policy reform within the sustainable development agenda

Tinasti

2018

J Intern AIDS Soc

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IntroductionThe international community's commitment to halve by 2015 the HIV transmission among people who inject drugs has not only been largely missed, instead new HIV infections have increased by 30%. Moreover, drug injection remains one of the drivers of new HIV infections due to punitive responses and lack of harm reduction resourcing. In the midst of this situation, adolescents are a forgotten component of the global response to illegal drugs and their link with HIV infection. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) present an opportunity to achieve the global objective of ending AIDS among adolescents who use drugs, by addressing the structural vulnerabilities they face be they economic, social, criminal, health‐related or environmental.DiscussionThe implementation of the SDGs presents an opportunity to address the horizontal nature of drug policy and to efficiently address the drugs‐adolescents‐HIV risk nexus. Adolescent‐focused drug policies are linked to goals 1, 3, 4, 10, 16 and 17. Goals 3 and 16 are the most relevant; the targets of the latter link to the criminalization of drug use and punitive policy environments and their impact on adolescents' health and HIV transmission risks. Moreover, it presents an opportunity to include adolescent needs that are missing in the three drug control conventions (1961, 1971 and 1988), and link them with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). Finally, the six principles to deliver on sustainable development are also an opportunity to divert adolescents who use drugs away from criminalization and punitive environments in which their vulnerability to HIV is greater.ConclusionsAddressing HIV among adolescents who use drugs is an extremely complex policy issue depending on different sets of binding and non‐binding commitments, interventions and stakeholders. The complexity requires a horizontal response provided by the SDGs framework, starting with the collection of disaggregated data on this specific subgroup. Ending AIDS among adolescents who use drugs requires the implementation of national drugs and HIV plans based on the multi‐sectoral approach and the transformative nature of the SDGs, to provide a comprehensive response to the epidemic among this key affected subgroup.

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“…Participants were recruited using an RDS method that included coupon and dual incentives system [5, 18]. The details of the sampling procedure are presented elsewhere [19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of STIs/HIV infection may still be present among non-injecting drug users (NIDUs) through high-risk sexual behaviors even though they do not inject drug intravenously [4, 5]. For example, in theUnited States of America, HIV prevalence among injecting drug users (IDUs) is nearly identical to that among NIDUs due to high-risk sexual behaviors [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of sex trading among male non-injecting drug users in Myanmar: a cross-sectional study

Saw

Wai

et al. 2016

Harm Reduct J

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BackgroundSex trading is a recognized risk factor for human immune deficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted infections among non-injecting drug users (NIDUs). However, very little research has addressed the factors associated with sex trading among male NIDUs in Myanmar.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2010 using the respondent-driven sampling method. In total, 210 NIDUs aged between 18 and 49 years, with no history of injecting drug use, and who used non-injected illicit drugs in the last 6 months were recruited. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect information on participants’ sexual and drug use behaviors. Binary and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to analyze the resulting data.ResultsOf 210 NIDUs, 84 (40%) reported involvement in the sex trade during the last 3 months. In the adjusted model, factors associated with sex trade involvement included homosexual preference (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61–14.95), having more than two partners (AOR = 3.88; 95% CI 1.55–9.72), had a regular job (AOR = 5.10; 95% CI 1.65–15.72), use of stimulant drugs rather than opiate (AOR = 2.38; 95% CI 1.10–5.15), and who used drugs more than twice per day.ConclusionsMore than one third of NIDUs were involved in sex trading. This study suggested that further comprehensive intervention programs that aim to reduce risk factors of trading sex among NIDUs may consider including NIDUs who used stimulant drugs, had regular/full-time jobs, used drugs more than twice per day, and had homosexual preferences.

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Assessment of HIV testing among young methamphetamine users in Muse, Northern Shan State, Myanmar

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

HIV Testing in Non-Injection Drug Users: Prevalence and Associated Factors

HIV Testing in Non-Injection Drug Users: Prevalence and Associated Factors

HIV and AIDS among adolescents who use drugs: opportunities for drug policy reform within the sustainable development agenda

Correlates of sex trading among male non-injecting drug users in Myanmar: a cross-sectional study

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