Assessment of human exposure to chemicals from Superfund sites.

Kamrin, Michael A.; Fischer, Lawrence J.; Suk, William A.; Fouts, James R.; Pellizzari, Edo D.; Thornton, Kent W.

doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s1221

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Because of their thermal stability, PCBs have been widely used as coolants and lubricants in transformers and capacitors, in hydraulic fluids, as well as other electrical equipment (Erickson, 1986). Although the manufacturing and use of PCBs was discontinued in 1977 in the United States, their physiochemical properties, allow them to persist and bioaccumulate in the environment, increasing the risk for human exposure (Safe, 1993, Kamrin et al, 1994). …”

Section: Polychlorinated Biphenylsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial toxicants and Parkinson's disease

et al. 2012

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The exposure of the human population to environmental contaminants is recognized as a significant contributing factor for the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other forms of parkinsonism. While pesticides have repeatedly been identified as risk factors for PD, these compounds represent only a subset of environmental toxicants that we are exposed to on a regular basis. Thus, non-pesticide contaminants, such as metals, solvents, and other organohalogen compounds have also been implicated in the clinical and pathological manifestations of these movement disorders and it is these non-pesticide compounds that are the subject of this review. As toxic exposures to these classes of compounds can result in a spectrum of PD or PD-related disorders, it is imperative to appreciate shared clinico-pathological characteristics or mechanisms of action of these compounds in order to further delineate the resultant disorders as well as identify improved preventive strategies or therapeutic interventions.

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Section: Polychlorinated Biphenylsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial toxicants and Parkinson's disease

et al. 2012

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“…The identification of remedial options for the Sudbury River was precluded by a number of key information gaps that are often applicable to aquatic sites contaminated with toxic substances (Kamrin et al 1994), particularly mercury. A central information gap concerned the biological availability of sedimentary mercury in the ecosystem.…”

Section: Information Gaps and Multidisciplinary Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury in the Sudbury River (Massachusetts, U.S.A.): pollution history and a synthesis of recent research

Wiener¹,

Shields²

2000

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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We review the transport, fate, and bioavailability of mercury in the Sudbury River, topics addressed in the following five papers. Mercury entered the river from an industrial complex (site) that operated from 1917 to 1978. Rates of mercury accumulation in sediment cores from two reservoirs just downstream from the site decreased soon after industrial operations ended and have decreased further since capping of contaminated soils at the site in 1991. The reservoirs contained the most contaminated sediments (some exceeding 50 mg Hg·g dry weight -1 ) and were depositional sinks for total mercury. Methyl mercury concentrations in biota did not parallel concentrations of total mercury in the sediments to which organisms were exposed, experimentally or as residents. Contaminated wetlands within the floodplain about 25 km downstream from the site produced and exported methyl mercury from inorganic mercury that had originated from the site. Natural burial processes have gradually decreased the quantity of sedimentary mercury available for methylation within the reservoirs, whereas mercury in the lesser contaminated wetlands farther downstream has remained more available for transport, methylation, and entry into food webs.Résumé : Nous examinons le transport, le devenir et la biodisponibilité du mercure dans la rivière Sudbury, sujets qui sont traités dans les cinq articles qui suivent. Le mercure a pénétré dans la rivière pendant l'exploitation d'un complexe industriel (site) en service de 1917 à 1978. L'accumulation de mercure dans les carottes de sédiments de deux réser-voirs situés juste en aval du site a diminué peu après la cessation des activités industrielles et, depuis 1991, continue de diminuer depuis le recouvrement des sols contaminés de ce complexe. C'est dans les réservoirs que les sédiments étaient les plus contaminés (certains dépassant 50 mg Hg·g poids sec -1 ) et constituaient des puits pour le mercure total. Les concentrations de méthyl mercure dans le biote ne correspondaient pas aux concentrations de mercure total dans les sédiments auxquels les organismes ont été exposés, de façon naturelle et expérimentale. Les milieux humides contaminés de la plaine d'inondation, situés à environ 25 km en aval du site, produisaient et exportaient du méthyl mercure issu du mercure inorganique provenant du site. Les processus naturels d'enfouissement ont fait diminuer progressivement la quantité de mercure sédimentaire libre pour la méthylation dans les réservoirs, tandis que le mercure présent dans les milieux humides moins contaminés situés en aval était plus disponible pour le transport, la méthylation et l'entrée dans les réseaux trophiques.[Traduit par la Rédaction] Wiener and Shields 1061

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“…Assessing human exposure to chemicals, especially from Superfund sites, requires not only understanding and applying knowledge from a number of scientific disciplines but also the gathering of large amounts of data (5). It is necessary to know how chemicals behave once they have been deposited in these sites, how they behave once they are released from the sites, and how they behave once they come into contact with humans.…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human biomonitoring: research goals and needs.

Suk¹,

Collman²,

Damstra³

1996

Environ Health Perspect

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Epidemiological studies have taken advantage of a number of strategies to monitor human populations for mortality, incidence, and exposure to hazardous environmental agents. These studies have been compromised by the lack of individual exposure assessment data that precisely quantified internal dose. As methods improve in analytical chemistry and molecular biology, direct biological monitoring of exposed populations is possible. Biomarkers have been developed and validated in exposed populations that quantify individual exposure, susceptibility, and early markers of health effects and can be used to study relationships between exposures and environmentally induced diseases. This paper provides background on the state of the art of human populations monitoring and, through a series of case studies, provides examples of novel biomarkers of exposure, susceptibility, and effect that highlight new opportunities for biomonitoring. Prevention of human disease due to environmental contaminants can be accomplished by implementing strategies such as those discussed to monitor exposure and early health effects in human populations.

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Assessment of human exposure to chemicals from Superfund sites.

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Industrial toxicants and Parkinson's disease

Industrial toxicants and Parkinson's disease

Mercury in the Sudbury River (Massachusetts, U.S.A.): pollution history and a synthesis of recent research

Human biomonitoring: research goals and needs.

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