Assessment of hydrogen levels in Zircaloy-2 by non-destructive testing

De, P.K.; John, John T.; Banerjee, S.; Jayakumar, T.; Thavasimuthu, M.; Raj, Baldev

doi:10.1016/s0022-3115(97)00315-2

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Results by De et al in autoclaved Zircaloy-2 [21] are no concrete evidence of the peritectoid reaction a þ d ! c because in their work, as well as in Northwood's, only TEM is used for hydride characterization, while Gill et al [20] have observed that TEM results might be unreliable in the absence of confirmatory XRD work.…”

Section: Low Purity Zirconiummentioning

confidence: 87%

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Comments on the stability of zirconium hydride phases in Zircaloy

Lanzani

Ruch

2004

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Section: Low Purity Zirconiummentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The phases present after all stages were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the massive specimens. Besides, a review of the literature on zirconium hydrides up to 2002 is presented [3,[6][7][8][9][10][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comments on the stability of zirconium hydride phases in Zircaloy

Lanzani

Ruch

2004

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…8) Hereinafter, Áf is referred to as the acoustic anisotropy, and (fl/ fr) is referred to as the resonance frequency ratio.…”

Section: Expressions Of Acoustic Parameters In Terms Of Elastic Constmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7) A hydrogen concentration measurement method that uses ultrasonic velocity characteristics of zirco-nium alloy has also been reported. [8][9][10] Changes in the longitudinal and shear wave velocities with the increase in hydrogen concentration have been reported to be complex, 8) and these methods are difficult to apply to irradiated zirconium alloys covered with thick oxide layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretation of Acoustic Parameters Obtained by EMAR Measurement for Non-destructive Hydrogen Concentration Measurement in Zr Alloy

Nakatsuka¹,

Uchida²,

Miyazaki

et al. 2007

J. Nucl. Sci. Technol.

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An obvious quantitative relation between hydrogen concentrations in zirconium alloy and acoustic anisotropy parameters obtained by the electromagnetic acoustic resonance (EMAR) method was reported. To elucidate the mechanism, the acoustic parameters were calculated based on the elastic theory and the equation of motion. The acoustic parameters obtained by the EMAR method were interpreted quantitatively using the anisotropic elastic constants of the specimen, and values calculated from texture data for non-hydrogen charged specimens showed good agreement with those obtained by the EMAR method. Calculated temperature dependence of the acoustic anisotropy for the non-hydrogen charged specimen also agreed well with that by the EMAR method.The consistencies demonstrated that the absolute values of the acoustic parameters for non-hydrogen charged specimens can be calculated from both the texture data of (0002) pole figure and the elastic constants of the specimen. Hydrogen addition up to approximately 650 ppm was found not to change the original (0002) pole figure and, correspondingly, no hydrogen concentration dependence of the acoustic parameters was obtained from the calculation. These results implied that the zirconium hydride itself played an important role for the change in the acoustic parameters of the hydrogen charged specimens, and the importance of obtaining the information on the elastic constants of the zirconium hydride was pointed out.

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“…(1) and the reported wave velocity. 21) These are two resonance frequencies (fr and ft) of the shear wave, which are respectively polarized in the rolling and transverse directions of the plate specimen, and one for the longitudinal wave (fl).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Annealing Study on Neutron Irradiation Effects in Resonance Frequencies of Zircaloy Plates by EMAR Method

Nakatsuka¹,

Uchida²,

Miyazaki

et al. 2007

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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To develop the nondestructive hydrogen concentration measurement method for the irradiated zirconium alloy, the effect of neutron irradiation damage on acoustic properties obtained by the electromagnetic acoustic resonance (EMAR) method was investigated through annealing tests. It is confirmed that the recovery of irradiation damage begins at a lower annealing temperature than that in unirradiated coldworked materials. Unirradiated recrystallization-annealed materials did not show any change in acoustic properties or hardness during the additional RX annealing at 580 C, whereas the acoustic anisotropy (Áf) of the as-cold-worked unirradiated specimen was significantly increased. Four-cycle irradiation clearly decreased the shear wave velocity of the specimen by 1% compared to the RX-annealed specimen. In comparison with the wave velocity change, the acoustic parameters defined in this study are found to be less sensitive to irradiation damage. From the annealing study of the as-irradiated specimens to the RX condition, it is concluded that the absolute value of (Áf) increases by 0.1% and the frequency ratio (fl/fr) by about 0.006 as a result of the damage induced by the four-cycle irradiation in BWRs. These values are applicable to the relationships between the acoustic parameters and hydrogen concentrations of unirradiated materials as the correction factors to compensate the effects of irradiation damage.

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Assessment of hydrogen levels in Zircaloy-2 by non-destructive testing

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Comments on the stability of zirconium hydride phases in Zircaloy

Comments on the stability of zirconium hydride phases in Zircaloy

Interpretation of Acoustic Parameters Obtained by EMAR Measurement for Non-destructive Hydrogen Concentration Measurement in Zr Alloy

Annealing Study on Neutron Irradiation Effects in Resonance Frequencies of Zircaloy Plates by EMAR Method

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