Assessment of Solidago×niederederi Origin Based on the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Plant Raw Materials

Abstract

This study provides the first phytochemical characterization of the morphologically identified natural hybrid Solidago×niederederi Khek compared with the native Solidago virgaurea and two invasive species, Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) and giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Aiton). The phenolic compounds, namely, chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, and quercitrin, were detected in leaves and inflorescences by the high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detector/ultraviolet (PAD/UV) method. All analyzed Solidago species contained all of the phenolic compounds investigated. The quantitative phytochemical differentiation among Solidago taxa was shown by principal component analysis. The results indicated that S. gigantea plants were characterized by significantly different quantities of phenolic compounds compared with three other Solidago taxa, which formed a separate cluster in the space of the principal component model, indicating the high similarity of their profiles. An additional multivariate analysis of the three species studied revealed a chemical gradient from S. canadensis to S. virgaurea with a slightly overlapping zone on the score plots presented by S.×niederederi and S. virgaurea accessions. The results showed that S.×niederederi was closely related to S. virgaurea. This result is suggestive of a hybrid origin with significant contributions from the native species. However, S.×niederederi was significantly different from its parental species with respect to chlorogenic acid and quercitrin in leaves and rutin with isoquercitrin in inflorescences. Conversely, samples indicating intermediate chemical composition between native S. virgaurea and invasive S. gigantea were not distinguished. The comparison of phenolic compound accumulation in Solidago plants supported the additional identification of the origin of S.×niederederi.

Swelling degree prediction of polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan matrices loaded with “Arnica‐do‐Brasil”

“…An arnica standard curve was plotted based on the absorption results, at 400 nm, of different solutions of arnica at 5.0, 2.5, and 1.0 wt % in physiological saline solution (0.9% NaCl). These analyses were performed using a Cary 50 UV–Vis Spectrophotometer (Varian, Version 3) and quartz cuvettes.…”

The importance of sexual, asexual and mixed ramet clusters in production of descendant ramets in populations of Solidago ×niederederi (Asteraceae)

“…The hybrid origin of Solidago ×niederederi was successfully confirmed by morphological, molecular, and phytochemical methods (Karpavičienė and Radušienė 2016;Pliszko and Zalewska-Gałosz 2016;Radušienė et al 2018); however, its ecology is poorly recognized Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt 2017, 2018). It has been naturalized in several countries in Europe, including Austria, Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia (Pliszko and Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt 2017;Jaźwa et al 2018 and literature cited therein).…”

An integrative taxonomic approach reveals a new species of Eranthis (Ranunculaceae) in North Asia

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