Assessment of Immunomarker Profiling in Bone Marrow Trephine Biopsy (BMTB) for Lymphoma Diagnosis

Abstract

Lymphomas are characterized by clonal abnormality of the lymphatic system resulting in malignant neoplasms, classified into Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The immunophenotyping and genetic features of the lymphomas play a major role in its classification. Objective: To determine the immunohistochemical profiles for multiple types of Lymphoma by using the primary (CD30, CD20, CD3) and secondary (CD15, CD5, CD10, Ki67, BCL6,) panel of immunomarker. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done over a period of 1 year from 1st January 2023 to 31st December 2023. A consecutive sampling technique was used. Bone marrow aspiration, and trephine biopsy samples were taken from each patient. Immunohistochemical (IHC) profiling was done on Trephine biopsy to diagnose Lymphomas. Results: Out of 57 lymphoma cases, 41 were male and 16 were female patients. The most affected age group was 45-60 years. Among total cases, 43 (75.4%) were of NHL while only 14 (24.6%) cases were of HL. Among 43 cases of NHL, 38 (88.4%) were found of B-cell type while only 5 (11.6%) were of T-cell origin. CD30 (85.7%) was the most expressed immunomarker in HL while CD20 (92%), CD3 (60%), CD5 (47%), and Ki67 showed the highest positivity rate in NHL. IHC was found to be significant by statistical analysis (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: In addition to morphological findings, another crucial step in lymphoma diagnosis is the selection of relevant immunomarkers after clinicopathological correlation with the patient. Therefore, based on our experience, we suggest the use of a limited, cost-effective immunomarker panel for optimal diagnosis of lymphomas and subtypes.