Assessment of in vivo antioxidant activity of a tripeptide Ala‐Tyr‐Ile fromJiuzao(a by‐product of baijiu distillation) protein hydrolysates and its stability in baijiu

Abstract

Peptide Ala‐Tyr‐Ile (AYI) was isolated from Jiuzao protein hydrolysates and proved with antioxidant ability in vitro in the previous study. Considering the limitation in vitro, the antioxidant activity and potential mechanism in vivo of AYI were investigated by AAPH‐induced oxidative stress Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat model in this study. The results showed that AYI could activate Nrf2/Keap1‐p38/PI3K‐MafK signaling pathway both on gene and protein expressions. Meanwhile, AYI could markedly (p < .05) increase downstream antioxidant enzymes (i.e., CAT, GPx, SOD, and HO‐1) expressions and suppress the expressions of inflammatory factors (i.e., TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and NO). The results above indicated potential antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity in vivo of peptide AYI. In addition, AYI could also exist stably in baijiu after 14‐day storage. This study provides a better thought for the use of Jiuzao to isolate antioxidant peptides and enhance baijiu antioxidant function by adding these peptides in it. Practical applications Jiuzao is a by‐product of baijiu distillation, which is generally used as the forage of livestock. However, considering the raw material of baijiu distillation, nonvolatile components remain in Jiuzao, such as protein and peptides. Therefore, functional peptides can be extracted from Jiuzao. Peptide AYI was identified from Jiuzao protein hydrolysates and was proved with antioxidant ability in vitro. This study further explored its antioxidant capacity in vivo and proved it could be used as a natural ingredient for baijiu to enhance its antioxidant function. It can also contribute to pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and functional foods industry. In addition, other functional components in Jiuzao also deserve for exploring.

Comparative study of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of different parts of lemongrass leaves and their application in the functional drink

“…The free radical scavenging ability is a mechanistic attribute of antioxidants that plays a significant role in preventing numerous health maladies, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders and degenerative problems. The presence of considerable magnitudes of these antioxidants and antimicrobials in lemongrass permits it to elucidate the preservative and shelf stability effect in finished products (Jiang et al , 2021; Mishra et al , 2018). Likewise, in the past few decades, a strong emphasis has been directed on food safety and storage stability-related concerns, thereby implying an increased interest in the prevention of health malignancies via antioxidant-rich natural foods.…”

Peptides and protein hydrolysates exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity: sources, structural features and modulation mechanisms

“…Treatment with Exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist purified from snake Heloderma suspectum venom, significantly attenuated inflammation in a LPS-induced rat model of inflammation and the potential mechanism of action of tripeptide AYI, isolated from a byproduct of baijiu distillation, was also investigated using a rat model. 145,146…”

“…Treatment with Exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist purified from snake Heloderma suspectum venom, significantly attenuated inflammation in a LPSinduced rat model of inflammation and the potential mechanism of action of tripeptide AYI, isolated from a byproduct of baijiu distillation, was also investigated using a rat model. 145,146 Interestingly, peptides CTP, Hydrostatin-SN1, AYI and Exedin-4, obtained from completely different protein sources, seem to share a mechanism of action consisting of reducing proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, although it can not be assumed that this is their only mechanism of action since they may have effects on other inflammatory mediators, but no trials have been carried out in this regard. In the same way, peptides Allomyrinasin and MC1-1 share in vivo effect against the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, but in this case the protein source is similar, even though MC1-1 is a modification of Chensinin-1 peptide found in Chinese brown frog and Allomyrinasin peptide is found naturally in a beetle, both are derived directly or indirectly from animal sources.…”