Assessment of induced radio-frequency electromagnetic fields in various anatomical human body models

Kühn, Sven; Jennings, Wayne D.; Christ, Andreas; Kuster, Niels

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/54/4/004

Cited by 72 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Hence, the uncertainty is the same as the one already investigated in previous studies [Findlay et al, 2006;Kühn et al, 2009;Bakker et al, 2010;Vermeeren et al, 2010]. Because the selected FDTD settings are similar and for some parameters even better than in the referenced papers, the estimated uncertainty is not larger than the overall uncertainty presented in these studies.…”

Section: Uncertainty On the Allowed Powermentioning

confidence: 55%

Compliance boundaries for multiple‐frequency base station antennas in three directions

Thielens

Vermeeren

Kurup

et al. 2013

Bioelectromagnetics

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Section: Uncertainty On the Allowed Powermentioning

confidence: 55%

Compliance boundaries for multiple‐frequency base station antennas in three directions

Thielens

Vermeeren

Kurup

et al. 2013

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…Due to averaging, no (local) negative values of temperature changes were found anymore. However, within the body the ratio 10 10 g g T SAR  still varied considerably. It exhibited a span of almost two orders of magnitudes reaching from 0.11 …”

Section: Figure 2 Region-specific Voxel-values δT Over Sar At the Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the meanwhile, progress in numerical simulation and digital anatomical modeling allowed demonstrating that RF EMF reference values are not conservative enough to justify presumption of conformity with basic restrictions in any case. Studies reported up to 45% excess of basic restrictions at exposure scenarios of persons with small body height such as children or undersized adults [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Thermal Modeling on Limiting RF-EMF

Leitgeb¹

2013

JEMAA

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The paper quantitatively assesses the relationship between specific energy absorption rates (SAR) of radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) and resulting intracorporal tissue temperature changes (∆T) at whole body exposure of a small person to resonant RF EMF. Applied thermal modeling allowed accounting also for dynamic thermoregulatory responses. As expected from physical laws the correlation of all local SAR values and ∆T data was fairly good. However, at local level SAR proved to be only weakly associated with ∆T. Even if averaged, over any 10 g tissue the ratio ∆T 10g /SAR 10g still varied by almost two orders of magnitudes. Blood perfusion was found to play a major role in affecting local temperature changes and caused even net cooling. The results demonstrate that local SAR is a poor surrogate for local temperature change, and that conventional static thermal modeling underestimates body core temperature. Results demonstrated that recommended reference levels of RF EMF fail to reliably prevent from exceeding yet legally binding basic restrictions not only with regard to whole-body SAR but also with regard to whole-body temperature rise (ΔT). Consequently, from a legal point of view general presumption of conformity is no longer justified. While thermal basic restrictions were exceeded if related to the whole-body averaged value, compliance could not be excluded with regard to body-core related values. Further results might allow improving EMF limiting in terms of relating it more closely to the basic health-relevant parameter which is tissue temperature change.

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“…Apart from the deterministic approach for studying exposure [11,12] that misses the stochastic aspect of the exposition conditions, statistical study of human exposure in a realistic environment is a domain of research that had few achievements. In [13] a stochastic approach is developed based on polynomial chaos in order to calculate the whole body SAR distribution induced by a incident parameter distribution as the angle of incidence of the waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [11,12], body models are exposed to deterministic channel models. Even if these studies give a good indication of the level of exposure by calculating the SAR, these studies avoid the stochastic aspect of exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Human Exposure Using Kriging Method

Jawad¹,

Lautru²,

Benlarbi-Delaï³

et al. 2014

PIER B

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Abstract-This paper develops the kriging method to calculate the whole body Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for any angle of incidence of a plane wave on any body model using a minimum number of Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations. Practical application of this method is to study people's exposure. Thanks to kriging method, it will enable to answer to the challenge of studying the exposure in a realistic environment. This approach develops a new tool in order to improve the field of stochastic dosimetry. The kriging method is applied to a girl body model in order to determine the variogram model, then this model is validated on a boy body model. Thanks to only 40 numerical SAR values, kriging method enables to estimate any SAR value with a mean relative error under 3%.

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Assessment of induced radio-frequency electromagnetic fields in various anatomical human body models

Cited by 72 publications

References 20 publications

Compliance boundaries for multiple‐frequency base station antennas in three directions

Compliance boundaries for multiple‐frequency base station antennas in three directions

The Impact of Thermal Modeling on Limiting RF-EMF

Study of Human Exposure Using Kriging Method

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