Low carbon has become a highly relevant topic in today’s society, particularly for manufacturing enterprises. To gain insight into how manufacturing enterprises embedded in the industrial internet platform make decisions regarding low-carbon technology innovation, this article examines the service quality of the platform, the low-carbon preferences of the manufacturing enterprises, and government subsidy factors. A platform ecological system game model, comprised of a single manufacturing enterprise and an industrial internet platform, is then established. The results indicate that, under the model’s assumptions, the decarbonization of production can only occur when the cost of low-carbon innovation is below a specific threshold. Decentralized decision making is more effective in promoting low-carbon innovation by the manufacturing enterprises when the cost of low-carbon technology innovation is low. The greater the service quality of the industrial internet platform, the stronger the positive influence of the low-carbon preferences of users and government subsidies on the low-carbon innovation level of the manufacturing enterprises. This study offers useful decision-making advice for both the industrial internet platform and the manufacturing enterprises.