Assessment of infant and early childhood development in a periurban Bolivian population

Bender, Deborah E.; Auer, Carrie; Baran, Joan; Rodriguez, S. Fernando; Simeonsson, Rune J.

doi:10.1097/00004356-199403000-00009

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Infant neurodevelopment, search skill and behaviour were explored, yielding comparable results across altitude groups. Earlier infant studies described no (Hass, 1976) or only subtle (Saco‐Pollitt, 1981; Baker, 1960; Bender et al , 1994) 1 effects of altitude on infant development. With increasing altitude, only a minor trade‐off in subtly reduced psychomotor speed was found in children and adolescents, consistent with the reduction in CBFV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saco‐Pollitt, 1981– high‐altitude Peruvian neonates ‘less attentive’; Baker, 1960– high‐altitude Peruvian infants sat approximately 1 month later, and walked approximately 3 months later, compared with US normative data; Bender et al , 1994– 6/30 infants in Cochabamba, Bolivia, equivalent to our moderate‐altitude infants, obtained BSID scores 1.5 SD below the mean.…”

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confidence: 81%

“…Only a few studies on infants have been published (Leonard, 1989; Saco‐Pollitt, 1981; Baker, 1960; Bender, Auer, Baran, Rodriguez & Simeonsson, 1994). Subtle behavioural/motor abnormalities were found in native high‐altitude Peruvian neonates in one study (Saco‐Pollitt, 1981), and in two further infant studies (Baker, 1960; Bender et al , 1994), although not in another (Hass, 1976). However, it is not clear if such data represent transient early adjustment to hypoxic exposure, or the start of an altered neurobehavioural trajectory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, there are few data addressing the potential impact of high‐altitude hypoxia on the development and adaptation of the most defining human feature, namely the capacity for higher cognitive function. Only a few studies on infants have been published (Leonard, 1989; Saco‐Pollitt, 1981; Baker, 1960; Bender, Auer, Baran, Rodriguez & Simeonsson, 1994). Subtle behavioural/motor abnormalities were found in native high‐altitude Peruvian neonates in one study (Saco‐Pollitt, 1981), and in two further infant studies (Baker, 1960; Bender et al , 1994), although not in another (Hass, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of aptitude at altitude

Hogan¹,

Virués‐Ortega

Botti

et al. 2010

Developmental Science

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Millions of people currently live at altitudes in excess of 2500 metres, where oxygen supply is limited, but very little is known about the development of brain and behavioural function under such hypoxic conditions. We describe the physiological, cognitive and behavioural profile of a large cohort of infants (6-12 months), children (6-10 years) and adolescents (13-16 years) who were born and are living at three altitude locations in Bolivia ( approximately 500 m, approximately 2500 m and approximately 3700 m). Level of haemoglobin oxygen saturation and end-tidal carbon dioxide were significantly lower in all age groups living above 2500 metres, confirming the presence of hypoxia and hypocapnia, but without any detectable detriment to health. Infant measures of neurodevelopment and behaviour yielded comparable results across altitude groups. Neuropsychological assessment in children and adolescent groups indicated a minor reduction in psychomotor speed with increasing altitude, with no effect of age. This may result from slowing of underlying brain activity in parallel with reduced cerebral metabolism and blood flow, evidenced here by reduced cerebral blood flow velocity, particularly in the basilar artery, in children and adolescents. The proportion of European, Native American and African genetic admixture was comparable across altitude groups, suggesting that adaptation to high altitude in these children occurred in response to chronic hypoxic exposure irrespective of ethnic origin. Thus, psychomotor slowing is proposed to be an adaptive rather than a deficient trait, perhaps enabling accuracy of mental activity in hypoxic conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of aptitude at altitude

Hogan¹,

Virués‐Ortega

Botti

et al. 2010

Developmental Science

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“…56,58 It is possible that the authors of these studies had performed these calculations but did not report them in the articles that were reviewed. Some studies discussed specific issues related to different biases such as selection 41,88 and information 20,27,37,46,48 bias. These studies not only reported possible sources of bias but also discussed the strengths of the studies in their ability to reduce selection bias by randomization of the selection process or by using trained interviewers who applied standard instruments and performed reliability checks to control for information bias.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Disability in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Overview of Screening, Prevention, Services, Legislation, and Epidemiology

Maulik¹,

2007

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Differences in early cognitive and receptive-expressive neurodevelopment by ancestry and underlying pathways in Brazil and Argentina

Wehby

Trujillo

2017

Infant Behavior and Development

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We examine disparities in early child cognitive and receptive-expressive skills by ethnic ancestry among infants aged 3 to 24 months from Brazil and Argentina. We employ unique data on the neurodevelopment of children who were seeking routine well-child care at a set of pediatric clinics in these countries. The sample included children who had normal birth outcomes and no major health complications, allowing us to focus on variation in neurodevelopment among children without major physical health limitations. The physicians attending the pediatric clinics were trained in administering the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener, a standardized instrument used to screen an infant’s risk of neurodevelopmental problems on various domains of abilities. We evaluate disparities in overall neurodevelopmental scores and risk for neurodevelopmental problems as well as in cognitive functioning and receptive-expressive neurodevelopment. We also examine the extent to which household demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and geographic location explain these disparities. We find large gaps in both cognitive and receptive-expressive neurodevelopment by ancestry. In Brazil, children of African ancestry have lower scores on both cognitive and receptive-expressive domains and on overall neurodevelopment than children of European ancestry. In Argentina, children of Native ancestry have lower scores on these outcomes than children of European ancestry. These gaps however are largely explained by differences in geographic location and household characteristics, highlighting the importance of policies that reduce socioeconomic and geographic disparities in social capital and economic development for eliminating ethnic disparities in infant neurodevelopment.

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Assessment of infant and early childhood development in a periurban Bolivian population

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Development of aptitude at altitude

Development of aptitude at altitude

Childhood Disability in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Overview of Screening, Prevention, Services, Legislation, and Epidemiology

Differences in early cognitive and receptive-expressive neurodevelopment by ancestry and underlying pathways in Brazil and Argentina

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