Assessment of inflammatory and immunity proteins during falciparum malaria infection in children of Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly species of parasite causing malaria in children living in sub-Sahara Africa and constitutes a real problem of public health. Inflammation and immunity are involved in this malaria infection. This present study was undertaken to determine the inflammatory (C reactive protein or CRP, Haptoglobin, Orosomucoïd or AGP) and immunity ( IgG, IgA,IgM) proteins markers concentrations in order to evaluate the immunity and inflammatory proteins secretion concentration and their state in children suffering from Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Patients with positive peripheral blood film for Plasmodium falciparum were compared with subjects without malaria. Giemsa-stained thick blood films were analysed by microscope for plasmodium specie. Haemoglobin and proteins were determined respectively using haematology cell counter and Radial immunodiffusion according to Mancini. Forty seven patients with malaria infection (Plasmodium falciparum) (M/F: 25/22; age 9.7±0.27 yr) and 35 controls (M/F:19/16; age 9.5 ± 0.39 yr) were studied. CRP, AGP, Haptoglobin for inflammatory state and immunoglobins (G, A, M) for immunological markers were determined in malaria children and compared with those of healthy subjects. Results showed that, CRP, AGP and IgM were increased in malaria children for those having high parasite density (exceeding 2000 parasites/ul ) as compared to controls (p<0.01). Parasite density with Plasmodium falciparum is high in children under 5 years old. In the malaria infection (Plasmodium falciparum), CRP and AGP for inflammation markers and IgM for Immunity Makers were disrupted. These disruptions were attributed to the organism defense against Plasmodium falciparum.

Increased Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Independent of Body Adiposity in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Controls infalciparumMalaria

“…Although elevated CRP level of Africans is viewed as a beneficial factor of protection against infectious diseases, it could indicate increased risk to cardiovascular disease as well as other inflammation-dependent health conditions [ 21 ]. In the presence of falciparum malaria, CRP levels increased in both study groups, corroborating several previous reports [ 9 , 11 , 21 ]. The extent of increase in CRP level was higher for the control than the diabetic group, suggesting that control respondents in the current study, probably, had relatively higher falciparum malaria parasitaemia than their diabetic counterpart.…”

“…Currently, malaria is viewed as an inflammatory cytokine-driven condition with Plasmodium falciparum malaria considered as the single most daring form of human malaria with the greatest human suffering in modern times [ 7 , 8 ]. Various inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumour necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) have been found to increase in levels with increased P. falciparum parasitaemia, possibly due to increased expression levels [ 9 – 11 ]. In Ghana, falciparum malaria continues to be the major cause of morbidity and out-patient visit to health facilities.…”

Study of C reactive protein as a prognostic marker in malaria from Eastern India

“…[13] A study from Cote d’ Ivoire found that CRP levels correlate with disease burden, especially at high parasite density. [14]…”

Haematological Changes and Nitric Oxide Levels Accompanying Artemether-Lumefantrine Administration in Male Guinea Pigs: Effect of Unsweetened Natural Cocoa Powder.

“…Besides, A-L has been found to reduce red blood cell count (RBC), HGB, and packed cell volume (PCV) in patients under treatment [ 21 ]. Though the WHO-recommended artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) [ 22 , 23 ] has impressive parasiticidal properties both in vivo and in vitro , there have been issues of treatment failures, resistance, and increasing cases of toxic effects [ 24 , 25 ]. Some countries have, therefore, considered increasing the dose of A-L used in the management of malaria to arrest the issue of resistance [ 26 ].…”