Assessment of intake inadequacy and food sources of zinc of people in China

Ma, Guansheng; Li, Yanping; Jin, Ying; Du, Songming; Kok, F.J.; Yang, Xiaoguang

doi:10.1017/s136898000744143x

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although many studies suggested that low serum zinc concentrations can be the result of low zinc dietary intake, Relea et al (24) and Herzberg et al (25) reported that urinary zinc excretion is higher in osteoporotic women than women with no osteoporosis. With notice that nutritional monitoring programs in different countries have shown an inadequate dietary intake of some minerals such an magnesium (26), zinc (27,28) and calcium (29) in human, and significant association between bone density and minerals status in body, on the basis of our results, mineral supplementation especially with calcium, magnesium, zinc and perhaps copper may have beneficial effect on bone density in post-menopausal women with low bone density. Future studies are recommended.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Copper, magnesium, zinc and calcium status in osteopenic and osteoporotic post-menopausal women

Mahdavi-Roshan

Ebrahimi

2015

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SummaryCopper, magnesium, zinc and calcium status were measured in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (n = 23) and osteopenia (n = 28) as classified on the basis of the T-score of the femur neck and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry results. Anthropometric indices, dietary intake and serum copper, magnesium, zinc and calcium were assessed. The results of our study showed that the mean dietary intake of magnesium, zinc and calcium in post-menopausal women with low bone density were significantly lower than recommended dietary allowance. The mean serum levels of zinc (P = 0.001) and copper (P = 0.000) were significantly lower than normal range and 40.4% of this participants had serum magnesium levels lower than normal range. No statistically significant differences were observed between the osteopenic and osteoporotic groups with respect to serum levels and dietary intakes of copper, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Due to the mineral deficiency in post-menopausal women with low bone density and the key role of minerals on bone health, supplementation with magnesium, calcium, zinc and perhaps copper recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Copper, magnesium, zinc and calcium status in osteopenic and osteoporotic post-menopausal women

Mahdavi-Roshan

Ebrahimi

2015

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“…However, the serum Ca level is increased when the Ca deposited in the skeleton is mobilised, thereby resolving Ca inadequacy. The proportion of Zn intake inadequacy in Chinese children is approximately 50 % ( 41 ) . In the present study, although serum Zn levels were less than the reference range, no statistical difference was observed between the two groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional status survey of children with autism and typically developing children aged 4–6 years in Heilongjiang Province, China

Sun

Zhao

et al. 2013

J. nutr. sci.

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Autism is a neurodevelopmental disability that may affect nutritional management of children with autism. This study aimed to compare the nutritional status of children with autism with that of typically developing children (aged 4–6 years) in China. Nutritional status was assessed by means of nutritional data, anthropometric data, biochemical assessment, physical examination for nutrient deficiencies and providing a questionnaire to parents. A total of fifty-three children with autism and fifty-three typically developing children were enrolled in this study. The parents were asked to complete the questionnaire regarding the eating behaviour and gastrointestinal symptoms of their children. They were also asked to provide a 3 d food diary. Children with autism exhibited several abnormalities in terms of eating behaviour and gastrointestinal symptoms. The levels of vitamins A and B6, Zn and Ca intakes were <80 % of the dietary reference intakes in both groups. In addition, the proportions of vitamin C and Ca intake deficiencies in the autism group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Serum Zn level was less than the normal reference range in both the groups. Serum Ca, vitamin A and folate levels in children with autism were significantly lower when compared with children without autism. According to the anthropometric data, the mean BMI, weight-for-height Z-score (ZWH) and BMI for age Z-score (ZBMIA) of children with autism were significantly higher than those of the typically developing children. Thus, nutritional inadequacies were observed in children with autism and typically developing children in China, which were, however, more pronounced among children with autism.

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“…The WHO normative requirements 29 of people with different bioavailability were used to assess the inadequacy of zinc intake. The percentage of people with zinc intake below the WHO normative requirement at different phytate/zinc molar ratios was calculated [30][31][32] . The estimation of zinc deficiency is based on zinc inadequacy and not any biochemical markers.…”

Section: Estimation Of Populations With Iron and Zinc Deficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron and zinc deficiencies in China: what is a feasible and cost-effective strategy?

Jin

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

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In order to prioritise interventions for micronutrient deficiencies in China, the populations affected by iron and zinc deficiencies were assessed based on data from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. The costs and costeffectiveness of supplementation, food diversification and food fortification were estimated using the standard World Health Organization ingredients approach. Results indicated that 30% of children (,2 years), adults (.60 years), pregnant and lactating women, and 20% of women of reproductive age were anaemic, some 245 million people. Approximately 100 million people were affected by zinc deficiency (zinc intake inadequacy and stunting), the majority living in rural areas. Among interventions on iron and zinc deficiency, biofortification showed the lowest costs per capita, I$0.01 (international dollars), while dietary diversification through health education represented the highest costs at I$1148. The costeffectiveness of supplementation, food fortification and dietary diversification for iron deficiency alone was I$179, I$66 and I$103 per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), respectively. Data for biofortification were not available. For zinc deficiency, the corresponding figures were I$399, I$153 and I$103 per DALY, respectively. In conclusion, iron and zinc deficiencies are of great public health concern in China. Of the two long-term intervention strategies, i.e. dietary diversification and biofortification with improved varieties, the latter is especially feasible and cost-effective for rural populations. Supplementation and fortification can be used as short-term strategies for specific groups. Keywords Micronutrient deficiencyIron Zinc Cost-effectiveness ChinaThe latest World Health Organization (WHO) estimates reveal that undernutrition is an underlying cause of 53% of all deaths in children ,5 years of age 1 . It has been estimated that more than 2 billion of the world's population, nearly all in developing countries, are irondeficient 2,3 . Billions of individuals are also at risk for zinc deficiency 4 . Micronutrient deficiency not only affects the health and development of people 5-9 , but also hinders the social and economic development of countries. It is estimated that the loss in economic productivity due to iron deficiency in China is more than 3.6% of the gross national product 10 .The causes of micronutrient deficiencies include inadequate intakes, impaired absorption and/or utilisation, excessive losses, increased physiological need or the combination of these factors 11 . Insufficient intake and poor bioavailability are major causes in developing countries [12][13][14] . Micronutrient content and bioavailability can be improved by either increasing the quantity of a micronutrient or increasing enhancing factors/decreasing inhibiting factors in foods using different techniques or sources. Strategies for increasing the effective supply of nutrients fall into two categories, supplementation and food-based approaches. Supplementation is the addition of ...

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Assessment of intake inadequacy and food sources of zinc of people in China

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Copper, magnesium, zinc and calcium status in osteopenic and osteoporotic post-menopausal women

Copper, magnesium, zinc and calcium status in osteopenic and osteoporotic post-menopausal women

Nutritional status survey of children with autism and typically developing children aged 4–6 years in Heilongjiang Province, China

Iron and zinc deficiencies in China: what is a feasible and cost-effective strategy?

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