Assessment of Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Children Aged 1 to 15 Years

Baroncini, Liz Andréa Villela; Sylvestre, Lucimary de Castro; Pecoits‐Filho, Roberto

doi:10.5935/abc.20160030

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is in line with data published by Baroncini et al, who found no significant difference in CIMT in healthy children younger than 15 years and relatively constant values of CIMT in children younger than 10 years. 34 The hypothesis that our study population was examined too early also cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

CIMT does not identify early vascular changes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors

Ociepa¹,

Posio²,

Sawicki³

et al. 2020

Adv Clin Exp Med

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Background. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease development. It is believed that in the general population, this risk can be predicted with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurement. Objectives. The objective of this study was to assess CIMT and to investigate the effects of blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile values on CIMT in childhood ALL survivors. Material and methods. The study group comprised 81 childhood ALL survivors aged 5-25 years. The control group consisted of 52 age-and sex-comparable healthy children. Carotid intima-media thickness measurement, 24-hour BP monitoring and lipid profiles were evaluated in patients and controls. Results. Despite significantly higher proportion of subjects with arterial hypertension (AH) (30/81 vs 10/52; p = 0.0315), the mean values of CIMT were not statistically different in childhood ALL survivors as compared to controls (0.4303 ±0.03 vs 0.4291 ±0.03; p = 0.81 and 1.096 ±0.74 vs 1.027 ±0.55; p = 0.56, respectively). Carotid intima-media thickness values were not statistically higher in ALL survivors with AH as compared to ALL survivors with normal BP (0.433 ±0.03 vs 0.428 ±0.03; p = 0.82). A significant positive correlation between 24-hour systolic BP standard deviation score (SDS) and CIMT-SDS in childhood ALL survivors was found (r = 0.29, p = 0.009), whereas such correlation was not observed in healthy controls (r = 0. 12, p = 0.39). A significant correlation between z-score body mass index (BMI) and CIMT was found in controls (r = 0.29, p = 0.031) but not in childhood ALL survivors (r = −0.05, p = 0.64). No significant correlations between CIMT and other measured variables were found. Carotid intima-media thickness did not significantly correlate with time since ALL diagnosis (r = 0.09, p = 0.39). Conclusions. Carotid intima-media thickness measurement shows limited feasibility and diagnostic accuracy for early assessment of vascular alteration in childhood ALL survivors. Other tests are needed to predict cardiovascular risk in childhood ALL survivors at the early stage of the follow-up.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

CIMT does not identify early vascular changes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors

Ociepa¹,

Posio²,

Sawicki³

et al. 2020

Adv Clin Exp Med

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“… Summary of the review of published data on cIMT in the pediatric population for studies reporting mean cIMT data for (A) 6–18-year age range ( 5 , 15 – 19 , 26 , 29 , 46 – 58 ), (B) under ten years ( 5 , 16 – 19 , 47 , 48 , 53 , 55 , 59 – 61 ), (C) 10–14 years ( 16 – 19 , 47 , 48 , 53 , 62 – 64 ), (D) 14–18-year age range ( 5 , 15 , 17 – 19 , 24 , 47 , 48 , 53 , 55 , 65 – 70 ). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Children and Adolescents: Normative Data and Systematic Literature Review

Torkar

Plesnik

Grošelj

et al. 2020

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Objectives: Early identification of children at risk of atherosclerosis is of paramount importance for implementing primary preventive measures addressing vascular health. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a non-invasive biomarker of atherosclerosis. Semiautomatic radiofrequency-based software-guided technique quality intima-media thickness (RF-QIMT) was used to determine cIMT normative values in a healthy cohort of Caucasian children aged 6 to 18 years.Study design: In a cross-sectional study, data on age, chronic illness, medication use, and pubertal status was acquired by a questioner. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed by standardized methods and trained medical personnel. cIMT of the right common carotid artery far wall (1 centimeter proximal to bifurcation) was determined using a multifrequency (3–13 MHz) electronic linear array transducer SL1543, a portable ultrasound device (MyLab Gamma Esaote, Genoa, Italy), and RF-QIMT software. A systematic review of the published normal cIMT in children was done using PRISMA methodology, and identified normative values were compared to those obtained in the presented study.Results: 1137 non-obese normotensive children (males: n = 512; mean age 12.04 ± 3.52 years, females: n = 625, mean age 12.98 ± 3.83 years) were included. Gender-, age-, and height-specific mean cIMT percentile tables, percentile charts, and LMS tables for the RF-QIMT method were provided. They were comparable to the previously published data on mean cIMT gained by other validated ultrasound imaging techniques. cIMT increased with age, height, hip circumference, and BMI and was higher in males.Conclusions: Gender-, age-, and height-specific normative cIMT values, using the semiautomatic software-guided RF-QIMT technique, in children aged 6 to 18 years were developed and validated in respect to the previously published pediatric normative cIMT data. It is suggested that the investigated method could be used for the estimation of atherosclerotic risk in children, especially in epidemiological studies.

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“…Furthermore, to study and prevent the development of hypertension, findings of six West-European cohorts, combining the results of over 28.000 participants, were used to summarize the SBP and DBP for children aged four to nineteen 17 . For CIMT, one study by Baroncini et al 18 has described these values for a smaller group of children (n = 93) aged one to five. References for CRAE and CRVE in very young children have been published for the Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive Error Study in Singaporean Chinese Preschoolers (STARS) cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing reference values for macro- and microvascular measurements in 4-to-5 year-old children of the ENVIRONAGE prospective birth cohort

Madhloum

Luyten

Provost

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Cardiovascular risk factors are usually better tolerated, and can therefore be perceived as less harmful, at a young age. However, over time the effects of these adverse factors may persist or accumulate and lead to excess morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases later in life. Until now, reference values for the basic cardiovascular health characteristics of 4-to-6 year-old children are lacking. Within a follow-up study of the ENVIRONAGE (ENVIRonmental influence ON early AGE) birth cohort we assessed various cardiovascular measurements in 288 children aged 4-5 years. For the macrovasculature, we measured their blood pressure and examined the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery (CIMT), the arterial elasticity (including the pulse-wave velocity (PWV), carotid distensibility (DC) and compliance (CC) coefficients), the carotid β stiffness index (SIβ) and Young's Elastic Modulus (YEM). Retinal microvascular traits included the Central Retinal Arteriolar Equivalent (CRAE) and Central Retinal Venular Equivalent (CRVE). Age of the study population averaged (±SD) 4.2 (±0.4 years. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 97.9 (±8.1) mmHg and 54.7(±7.6) mmHg, respectively. CIMT for the total population averaged 487.1 (±68.1) µm. The average stiffness values for DC, CC, SIβ, and PWV were 78.7 (±34.2) 10 − ³/kPa, 1.61 (±0.59) mm 2 /kPa and 4.4 (±2.4), and 3.7 m/s (±0.9) respectively. The mean determined for YEM was 163.2 kPa (±79.9). Concerning the microvasculature, the average CRAE was 180.9 (±14.2) µm and the corresponding value for CRVE was 251.0 (±19.7) µm. in contrast to the macrovasculature, a significant gender-related difference existed for the microvasculature: in boys, both the CRAE (178.8 µm vs 182.6 µm; p = 0.03) and CRVE (247.9 µm vs 254.0 µm; p = 0.01) were narrower than in girls. We have provided reference values for young children to understand changes in the early cardiovascular health trajectory. Establishing these reference values of cardiovascular phenotypes at this young age is necessary to develop targeted health promotion strategies as well as for better understanding of the life course changes of both small and large blood vessels. Risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as smoking, an inactive lifestyle, and high blood pressure are usually better tolerated at a younger age and are therefore often perceived as less harmful within this phase in life. However, if these physical challenges persist over time, they may lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular causes in midlife. In adults, several clinical parameters have been linked to cardiovascular disease trajectories. For example, the distance between the intima and media layer of the carotid vessel wall is commonly used as an indicator of the extent of atherosclerosis and the chance of developing cerebral and cardiovascular incidences 1. For adults at risk of diseases of the heart and the circulatory system, guidelines for

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Assessment of Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Children Aged 1 to 15 Years

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

CIMT does not identify early vascular changes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors

CIMT does not identify early vascular changes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Children and Adolescents: Normative Data and Systematic Literature Review

Establishing reference values for macro- and microvascular measurements in 4-to-5 year-old children of the ENVIRONAGE prospective birth cohort

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