Assessment of Iron Oxide (III)–Therminol 66 Nanofluid as a Novel Working Fluid in a Convective Radiator Heating System for Buildings

Abstract

This work investigates the use of iron oxide (III)–therminol 66 oil-based nanosuspensions in a convective heating system with potential heating applications in the buildings sector. In an experimental study, characteristics of nanofluids were measured, including heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and density. The influences of mass flow rate and concentration of nanofluid on various parameters were quantified, such as pressure loss, friction coefficient, and heat transfer rate. For a concentration of 0.3 wt.%, the heat transfer increased by 46.3% and the pressure drop increased by 37.5%. The latter is due to the higher friction and viscosity of the bulk of the nanofluid. Although the pressure drop is higher, the thermo-hydraulic efficiency still increased by 19%. As a result, iron oxide (III)–therminol 66 presented reasonable thermal performance, higher heat transfer coefficient, and a lower pressure drop value (19% better performance in comparison with water) for the air–liquid convective system. Results also showed that for nanosuspensions at 0.3 wt.%, the friction factor of the system increased by 10% in comparison with the performance of the system with water.

Enhanced thermophysical properties in spinel CuFe 2 O 4 ‐based nanofluids for concentrated solar power

“…These improvements are higher than those found in the literature for spinal and magnetic material in thermal oils, which is always lower than 30%, being Fe 3 O 4 the typical magnetic nanomaterial used. 23,43,44 A similar increase in thermal conductivity for nanofluids based on magnetic NPs was found by Hussain et al using Fe 3 O 4 , but in that case, these NPs were used for decorating the surface of MWCNTs. 45 The highest increase is found for the nanofluid with the highest volume fraction value.…”

A Critical Review of Experimental Investigations about Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nanofluids under Turbulent and Laminar Regimes with a Focus on the Experimental Setup

“…Sarafraz et al [21] investigated the characteristics of iron oxide (III)-Therminol 66 oil based nanofluid in a convective radiator heating system. The experimental setup consisted of a convective radiator, a loop section, and the measurement tools.…”

“…Starting from these experimental campaigns, it has already been observed how the presence of nanofluids significantly affects the thermal efficiency compared to that of traditional fluids. Several experimental campaigns showed that nanofluids could be used efficiently in solar systems applications [17,49], in heating and cooling systems for buildings [21], automobiles [14,42], and in electronics [11,18,31]. The intent of this study is to provide an overview of the results and progress achieved using nanofluids in various experimental systems under turbulent and laminar regimes.…”

Rheological and Thermal Conductivity Study of Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide-Based Ethylene Glycol Nanofluids for Heat Transfer Applications

“…In contrast, Hussein et al presented a maximum ~9.9% rise in pressure drop using MWCNT/water nanofluids which varied substantially with concentration (0.075–0.25 mass%) [ 12 ]. Sarafraz et al showed a ~37.5% rise in pressure drop due to friction and viscosity enhancement (with concentration) for iron oxide-based therminol nanofluids [ 13 ]. Thermodynamically, flow resistance due to viscosity enhancement causes viscous dissipation, which increases the entropy generation of a thermal system.…”