Assessment of iron status and interplay between lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity in common hemoglobin variants in Osun State, southwestern Nigeria

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Hemoglobin (Hb) and iron are prooxidants in nature and sources of free radicals in the biological system of all Hb phenotypes. Recent evidence linked abnormal hemoglobin S and C (HbSC) in sickle cell disease (SCD) to various complications in multiple oxidative processes. However, similar studies in relation to abnormal Hb traits are sparse. Besides, reports on activities of antioxidant enzymes and iron status in SCDs are still contradictory. This study assessed the interplay between lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense capacity in various Hb variants. We enrolled 193 participants with different Hb phenotypes. They were consecutive patients with sickle cell anemia (HbSS, n = 32) and hemoglobin SC (HbSC) disease (n = 28) regularly followed up in a steady state. Other participants were subjects with abnormal Hb traits (HbAS, n = 50; HbAC, n = 33) and normal controls (HbAA, n = 50). The hematocrit (Hct) level, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, iron status, and biochemical parameters including malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes were investigated simultaneously. The MDA and SOD levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Hb variants in order of HbSS>HbSC>HbAC>HbAS when compared with controls. Conversely, GPx and TAS levels showed significant reductions (P < 0.05). Similarly, Hct, Hb, and iron concentrations showed significant reductions (P < 0.05) sequentially following HbAC > HbAS > HbSC > HbSS compared with controls. The results suggest that both SCDs and the carriers were relatively more vulnerable to systemic oxidative stress against normal phenotype, and may be owing to ineffective antioxidant mechanisms needed for keeping spontaneous generations of free radicals in control without necessarily iron‐mediated.

Oxidative stress, inflammation, blood rheology, and microcirculation in adults with sickle cell disease: Effects of hydroxyurea treatment and impact of sickle cell syndrome

“…A study performed in HbSC and HbSS children showed lower plasma advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) concentrations in the former group compared to the later, but no difference in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was observed. 18 This finding is in agreement with the study of Antwi-Boasiako et al 19 but contrasts with the results of Ajibola et al 20 who showed lower MDA levels in HbSC patients. Torres et al 21 compared the plasma concentrations of several cytokines between HbSC and HbSS patients without HU therapy and showed similar levels of IL-1β but lower levels of IL-8 in HbSC.…”

Ferroptosis as an emerging target in sickle cell disease

“…Elevated levels of lipid peroxides and their metabolites, such as 4-HNEs and MDAs are consistently found across various tissues, particularly during IRI and iron overload situations ( Hebbel et al, 2020 ). These accumulations are marked by increased protein oxidation, oxidant species, and lipid peroxidation products, especially in the kidney, liver, brain and lungs, indicating ferroptosis’s significant role in SCD tissue damage ( Kaul and Hebbel, 2000 , Ajibola et al, 2019 , Park et al, 2019 , Antwi-Boasiako et al, 2020 , Hebbel et al, 2020 , Engwa et al, 2021 ).…”

A Combined Protective Dose of Angelica archangelica and Ginkgo biloba Restores Normal Functional Hemoglobin Derivative Levels in Rabbits after Oxidative Stress Induced by Gallium-68

“…The oxidative stress level is determined by the body's ability to detoxify the produced ROS. Fatigue, memory loss, muscle and joint pain, decreased vision, headaches, and nose sensitivity are ranked as moderate oxidative stress symptoms [8]. Cancer, respiratory disease, Parkinson's disease, heart disease, arthritis, stroke, immune deficiency, emphysema, and many ischemic or inflammatory conditions are symptoms of higher levels of free radical production [9].…”