Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Relating to Parasitic Diseases and Anthelmintic Resistance Among Livestock Farmers in Hamedan, Iran

Sazmand, Alireza; Alipoor, Golnaz; Zafari, Salman; Zolhavarieh, Seyed Masoud; Alanazi, Abdullah D.; Sargison, Neil

doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.584323

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Additionally, the results of the statistical analysis suggest that farmers' awareness of biosecurity comes at the cost of losing their animals, since the annual mortality rate was the demographic factor that had the most influence on farmers' perceptions and practice of biosecurity measures. It has been suggested, for parasites, that Iranian sheep and goat farmers are likely to take appropriate action only in response to visible clinical signs (and not subclinical losses and morbidities) [10]. Our finding that higher mortality rates were associated with some improvements in biosecurity practices supports this suggestion.…”

Section: Practicing Preventive Measures By Farmers Comes At a Costsupporting

confidence: 81%

Factors Affecting the Perception and Practice of Iranian Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Pastoralists in Regard to Biosecurity Practices in Sheep and Goat Farms: A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Study

et al. 2022

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Preventing the spread of diseases between and within farms (biosecurity) is essential for minimizing animal mortality and morbidity, as well as for reducing the risk of spread of zoonotic diseases. These effects are even greater in countries such as Iran, which have to deal with multiple ongoing epidemics of infectious disease. However, there is currently no published information about biosecurity practices on sheep and goat farms in Iran in published research. The aim of this study was to collect such information and to identify some of the factors affecting biosecurity practices. Data were gathered using a checklist and in-depth interviews with 99 nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoralists. Regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between the collected variables and the biosecurity scores. The results showed that neither within- nor between-farm disease prevention measures were appropriately applied on most farms (median total score of total biosecurity was 37.3/90; Q1 = 29.0 and Q3 = 44.7). Almost all the farmers reported slaughtering animals on farms and nobody properly disposed of the bodies of the dead animals. Additionally, the majority of the participants did not disinfect the umbilical cords of newborns. Of the collected variables, the annual mortality rate was associated with most within-farm biosecurity practices. The increase in annual mortality rates was associated with the regular cleaning of troughs (p = 0.03), preventing feed and water from being contaminated by urine and feces (p = 0.02), providing a clean and dry place for animals to rest (p = 0.05) and disinfecting the navel cord (p = 0.03). The results of this survey suggest that there is a clear need for extension programs to enhance Iranian and sheep and goat farmers’ perceptions and practices regarding biosecurity measures.

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Section: Practicing Preventive Measures By Farmers Comes At a Costsupporting

confidence: 81%

Factors Affecting the Perception and Practice of Iranian Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Pastoralists in Regard to Biosecurity Practices in Sheep and Goat Farms: A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Study

et al. 2022

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“…In particular, fenbendazole treatment failure was observed in three Iranian provinces namely Hamedan, Yazd and Azarbaiajan Sharghi (Ashrafzadeh et al, unpublished). Most regional farmers are not aware of this serious issue, and nonprescribed treatment with anthelmintics seems to be important for emergence of anthelmintic resistance (Sazmand et al., 2020 ). Hence, in the present case, the recent anthelmintic dose could have had a sublethal effect on the parasite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biliary parascarosis in a foal

Sazmand

Yavari

Babaei

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Migration of Ascaris lumbricoides through the papilla of Vater in humans, and entry into the biliary tree, is well-recognised. Ascaris suum and Toxocara vitulorum have been recovered from the liver of swine and buffalo. We necropsied a Persian Kurdish filly at age 6 months, weighing ∼100 kg. Death evidently was caused by oleander (Nerium oleander) intoxication. An 8-cm adult male Parascaris was found at the lobar-left hepatic bile duct junction. We suggest that the nematode entered anteriorly into the hepatic tree, via the duodenum, major duodenal papilla, bile duct, left hepatic duct and finally the lobar duct. Considering the brief 4-h elapsed time between death and necropsy, and the 18-cm distance from the major duodenal papilla to the location of the parasite, we conclude that entry into the biliary tree likely occurred ante-mortem. We advise consideration of Parascaris infection in differential diagnosis of equine hepatic and pancreatic dysfunction.

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“…Dictyocaulus viviparus resistance to pour-on macrocyclic lactone drugs has been suggested, but not proven [93]. In Iran, there is growing evidence regarding resistance of trichostrongylid nematodes to common broad-spectrum benzimidazole and imidazothiazole compounds [94,95]. Many Iranian farmers do not adhere to recognized best practices of anthelminthic therapy [95], and resistance in gastrointestinal helminths has been reported [94,96].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Control of Lungworms of Pastoral Ruminants in Iran

et al. 2022

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Lungworms of the genera Dictyocaulus, Muellerius, Protostrongylus, and Cystocaulus are common helminths of domestic and wild ruminants with substantial veterinary and economic importance. Several studies have assessed the presence and prevalence of lungworm infections in ruminants in Iran. This report compiles the available scientific information about the occurrence of lungworms in domestic and wild ruminants in Iran between 1931 and June 2022 to give an insight into their epidemiology, and where possible to describe drug treatment efficacy. For this purpose, national and international scientific databases were searched. Overall, 54 publications comprising 33 articles in peer-reviewed journals, 8 conference papers, and 13 dissertations were evaluated regarding prevalence data; and an additional 4 peer-reviewed articles were evaluated regarding drug efficacy. Seven species of lungworms, namely Dictyocaulus filaria, Dictyocaulus viviparus, Dictyocaulus eckerti, Protostrongylus rufescens, Protostrongylus raillietti, Muellerius capillaris, and Cystocaulus ocreatus have been recorded from different ruminant hosts in Iran. Thirty-three studies conducted on small ruminant (sheep and goat) lungworms reported prevalences of lungworm infection of 11.6%, 45.81% and 66.29% using abattoir meat inspection, Baermann technique and fecal flotation, respectively. Eight studies conducted on large ruminants (cattle and water buffalo) reported prevalences of infection of 14.83%, 13.98% and 5% using abattoir meat inspection, the Baermann technique and fecal flotation, respectively. The prevalence of infection in wild ruminants was variable across examined species; 38% in urial, 37% in wild goats, 5% in goitered gazelles and 67% in red deer, in addition to a single case report in roe deer. There are few contemporary studies assessing the efficacy of currently available broad-spectrum anthelmintic compounds against lungworms in Iran. The high prevalence of multiple lungworm species in Iran, combined with a lack of information about drug efficacy, supports the need to improve the understanding of these important nematode parasites and inform the development of sustainable control strategies. The aim of this review and meta-analysis is to provide a baseline for future conventional parasitology and next generation molecular epidemiological studies of lungworm infection in pastoral ruminants in Iran.

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Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Relating to Parasitic Diseases and Anthelmintic Resistance Among Livestock Farmers in Hamedan, Iran

Abstract: All datasets generated for this study are included in the article/Supplementary Material. ETHICS STATEMENT Participants were provided with an information describing the team, study objectives, and they were reassured that all responses will be anonymous.

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Factors Affecting the Perception and Practice of Iranian Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Pastoralists in Regard to Biosecurity Practices in Sheep and Goat Farms: A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Study

Factors Affecting the Perception and Practice of Iranian Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Pastoralists in Regard to Biosecurity Practices in Sheep and Goat Farms: A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Study

Biliary parascarosis in a foal

The Prevalence and Control of Lungworms of Pastoral Ruminants in Iran

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