Assessment of left atrial function in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by using two- dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography

Kiatsilapanan, Arisara; Surachetpong, Sirilak Disatian

doi:10.1186/s12917-020-02557-3

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These results suggest a decrease in LA deformation in cats with CATE. These findings were similar to those of previous studies examining LA dysfunction in cats with cardiomyopathy [ 23 , 34 , 40 ]. However, no changes in LA deformation were detected in the non-CATE group, suggesting that the non-CATE group has normal LA deformation and that the thrombus formation in the non-CATE group was not related to LA function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessment of left atrial myocardial deformation using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in cats with cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism

Tosuwan

Surachetpong

Hunprasit

2023

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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Arterial thromboembolism (ATE) in cats usually relates to cardiogenic causes that can be diagnosed by conventional echocardiography. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) is a new ultrasound modality with higher sensitivity. Our objective was to investigate left atrial myocardial deformation in cats with both cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic ATE and normal cats using 2D-STE. Twenty-three normal cats and 21 cats with ATE cats were recruited and performed conventional echocardiography and 2D-STE. From the results, left atrial (LA) strain and strain rate from 2D-STE were significantly decreased in cats with cardiogenic ATE ( P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in non-cardiogenic ATE compared with normal cats. From the correlation test, the use of left atrial strain during the reservoir phase (LASr) could represent the overall LA deformation. The intra- and inter-observer coefficient of variation of LASr was less than 15%. The logistic regression revealed that the LASr value of less than 11% was a significant factor for the occurrence of ATE (odd ratio = 189.0, P < 0.001). In conclusion, LASr derived by 2D-STE is a repeatable and non-invasive technique to assess LA myocardial deformation in cats with ATE. By 2D-STE, impaired LA function was detected in cats with cardiogenic ATE. LASr < 11% may use as a predictor of the risk of ATE occurrence in cats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessment of left atrial myocardial deformation using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in cats with cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism

Tosuwan

Surachetpong

Hunprasit

2023

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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“… 93 , 94 LA function is decreased in cats with HCM. 95 This may be primary dysfunction due to atrial myocardial disease and/ or may arise secondarily to atrial disease caused by the enlargement. The enlargement plus the reduced function result in blood flow stasis (reduced blood flow velocity).…”

Section: Natural Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Feline Cardiomyopathies: 2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Kittleson

Côté

2021

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Practical relevance: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common form of feline cardiomyopathy observed clinically and may affect up to approximately 15% of the domestic cat population, primarily as a subclinical disease. Fortunately, severe HCM, leading to heart failure or arterial thromboembolism (ATE), only occurs in a small proportion of these cats. Patient group: Domestic cats of any age from 3 months upward, of either sex and of any breed, can be affected. A higher prevalence in male and domestic shorthair cats has been reported. Diagnostics: Subclinical feline HCM may or may not produce a heart murmur or gallop sound. Substantial left atrial enlargement can often be identified radiographically in cats with severe HCM. Biomarkers should not be relied on solely to diagnose the disease. While severe feline HCM can usually be diagnosed via echocardiography alone, feline HCM with mild to moderate left ventricular (LV) wall thickening is a diagnosis of exclusion, which means there is no definitive test for HCM in these cats and so other disorders that can cause mild to moderate LV wall thickening (eg, hyperthyroidism, systemic hypertension, acromegaly, dehydration) need to be ruled out. Key findings: While a genetic cause of HCM has been identified in two breeds and is suspected in another, for most cats the cause is unknown. Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) is the most common cause of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (DLVOTO) and, in turn, the most common cause of a heart murmur with feline HCM. While severe DLVOTO is probably clinically significant and so should be treated, lesser degrees probably are not. Furthermore, since SAM can likely be induced in most cats with HCM, the distinction between HCM without obstruction and HCM with obstruction (HOCM) is of limited importance in cats. Diastolic dysfunction, and its consequences of abnormally increased atrial pressure leading to signs of heart failure, and sluggish atrial blood flow leading to ATE, is the primary abnormality that causes clinical signs and death in affected cats. Treatment (eg, loop diuretics) is aimed at controlling heart failure. Preventive treatment (eg, antithrombotic drugs) is aimed at reducing the risk of complications (eg, ATE). Conclusions: Most cats with HCM show no overt clinical signs and live a normal or near-normal life despite this disease. However, a substantial minority of cats develop overt clinical signs referable to heart failure or ATE that require treatment. For most cats with clinical signs caused by HCM, the long-term prognosis is poor to grave despite therapy. Areas of uncertainty: Genetic mutations (variants) that cause HCM have been identified in a few breeds, but, despite valiant efforts, the cause of HCM in the vast majority of cats remains unknown. No treatment currently exists that reverses or even slows the cardiomyopathic process in HCM, again despite valiant efforts. The search goes on.

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“…In addition, LASr correlated well with conventional echocardiographic parameters to assess LA systolic function and to determine LA size, suggesting that LASr can be used as an indicator to assess LA function in cats. These results are consistent with a previous study (Kiatsilapanan and Surachetpong, 2020).…”

Section: Part Iii: Correlationsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…These results suggest a decrease in LA deformation in cats with CATE. These findings were similar to those of previous studies examining LA dysfunction in cats with cardiomyopathy (Abbott and MacLean, 2006;Linney et al, 2014;Kiatsilapanan and Surachetpong, 2020). However, no changes in LA deformation were detected in the non-CATE group, suggesting that the non-CATE group has normal LA deformation and the thrombus formation in the non-CATE group was not related to LA function.…”

Section: Two-dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiographysupporting

confidence: 90%

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Assessment of left atrial function in cats with arterial thromboembolism by using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography

Tosuwan

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Feline arterial thromboembolism (ATE) is an acute and distressing clinical presentation with high mortality and poor prognosis. ATE may be related to cardiogenic causes such as the underlying myocardial disease or non-cardiogenic causes. Echocardiography is the routine diagnostic tool to evaluate cardiac structural changes and myocardial function in cats. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) is a novel ultrasound modality based on 2D echocardiographic images, that allows multidirectional active deformation assessment and provides comprehensive information on myocardial contractile properties and function. 2D-STE echocardiography has been used to estimate the strain and strain rate of left atrial myocardial deformation in humans, dogs and cats with HCM, but there has been no study in cats with ATE. The objective of this study was to investigate left atrial myocardial deformation in cats with ATE and normal cats using 2D-STE. This study included twenty-three normal cats and twenty-one ATE cats diagnosed with fifteen cardiogenic ATE and six non-cardiogenic ATE. The left atrial stain and stain rate were significantly decreased in cats with cardiogenic ATE compared with the normal group (p<0.001), but no significant difference between the non-cardiogenic ATE and normal groups. From the correlation test, the use of left atrial stain during the reservoir phase assessed by 2D-STE could represent the overall LA deformation. In addition, the intra- and inter-observer coefficient of variation was acceptable for LASr. From the logistic regression, the LASr value of less than 11% was a significant factor for the occurrence of ATE, with a crude odds ratio of 189.0 (95%CI: 15.73-2,269.86, p-value<0.001). In conclusion, the left atrial longitudinal strain of reservoir phase derived by 2D-STE is a repeatable and non-invasive technique to assess LA myocardial deformation in cats with ATE. By 2D-STE, impaired LA function was detected in cats with cardiogenic ATE, but not in cats with non-cardiogenic ATE. LASr <11% could predict the risk of occurrence of ATE in the cat population.

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Assessment of left atrial function in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by using two- dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Assessment of left atrial myocardial deformation using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in cats with cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism

Assessment of left atrial myocardial deformation using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in cats with cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism

The Feline Cardiomyopathies: 2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Assessment of left atrial function in cats with arterial thromboembolism by using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography

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