Assessment of LES of intermittent soot production in an aero-engine model combustor using high-speed measurements

Influence of operating conditions on flow field dynamics and soot formation in an aero-engine model combustor

“…In conclusion, the flame shape is predicted sufficiently well by the LES, especially because the shapes of the histograms agree well for both OPs. An additional comparison of PDFs [73] could confirm this, however, experimental PDFs of f v are not available. This is why only ⟨ f v ⟩ is validated subsequently.…”

Reply on RC1

“…Higher pressures in the model combustor result in larger soot fv, a trend which was captured by simulations but the total fv for the high pressure condition was underpredicted by a factor of 4 (Chong et al, 2018a). Therefore, simulations can give insight into the formation of soot in aircraft combustors but significant improvements are needed to have truly predictive models which can aid in combustor design (Franzelli et al, 2023). It is worth noting that these simulations focus on capturing the number and mass emissions from combustors, but do not seem to account for the realistic morphology of soot particles which are highly irregular agglomerates rather than spheres.…”

“…Modeling soot emissions accurately remains a challenge (Chong et al, 2018a) because soot formation in combustors is intermittent. So, simulations must take place over a large time frame to achieve a statistically representative time-averaged result (Franzelli et al, 2023). Furthermore, the transport and chemistry of soot must be solved simultaneously in order to capture the real volume fraction, fv, and particle size distributions (PSD) (Gkantonas et al, 2020).…”

Opinion: Eliminating aircraft soot emissions

“…Higher pressures in the model combustor result in larger soot fv, a trend which was captured by simulations but the total fv for the high pressure condition was underpredicted by a factor of 4 (Chong et al, 2018a). Therefore, simulations can give insight into the formation of soot in aircraft combustors but significant improvements are needed to have truly predictive models which can aid in combustor design (Franzelli et al, 2023). It is worth noting that these simulations focus on capturing the number and mass emissions from combustors, but do not seem to account for the realistic morphology of soot particles which are highly irregular agglomerates rather than spheres.…”

“…Modeling soot emissions accurately remains a challenge (Chong et al, 2018a) because soot formation in combustors is intermittent. So, simulations must take place over a large time frame to achieve a statistically representative time-averaged result (Franzelli et al, 2023). Furthermore, the transport and chemistry of soot must be solved simultaneously in order to capture the real volume fraction, fv, and particle size distributions (PSD) (Gkantonas et al, 2020).…”