Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Enterococcus cecorum in poultry

Nielsen, Søren Saxmose; Bicout, Dominique; Calistri, Paolo; Drewe, Julian Ashley; Garin‐Bastuji, Bruno; Rojas, José Luis Gonzales; Gortázar, Christian; Herskin, Mette S.; Michel, Virginie; Chueca, Miguel Ángel Miranda; Padalino, Barbara; Pasquali, Paolo; Roberts, Helen Clare; Spoolder, Hans; Ståhl, Karl; Velarde, Antonio; Viltrop, Arvo; Winckler, Christoph; Baldinelli, Francesca; Broglia, Alessandro; Kohnle, Lisa; Álvarez, Julio

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7126

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 52 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (12), there are no clinical breakpoints or epidemiologic cut-offs specific for E. cecorum . For this reason, MIC breakpoints used in this study were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Thermo Fisher Scientific, unpubl.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Emerging Enterococcus cecorum Outbreak Causing Severe Systemic Disease with Concurrent Leg Problems in a Broiler Integrator in the Southern United States

2023

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Enterococcus cecorum has been associated mainly with osteomyelitis of the free thoracic vertebra in chickens. However, there are reports of E. cecorum producing septicemic lesions and having tropism for cartilages, resulting in the presentation of femoral head necrosis and synovitis. This paper discusses the presentation of E. cecorum as it relates to an outbreak in one vertical integrator where the main lesions were related to septicemia. Using a convenience sampling method, 100 broiler chicken cases received at the Poultry Research and Diagnostic Laboratory of Mississippi State University from April to December of 2021 were analyzed. The peak in cases was observed from June to August. The average age of broilers was 21 days with a range of 15-31 days. Most of these cases were related to systemic disease and leg problems, with gross lesions including characteristic pericarditis along with perihepatitis, osteomyelitis, and arthritis. In six of the 100 cases, E cecorum was isolated from the free thoracic vertebra, with the remaining being recovered from various other locations including liver, pericardium, hock/joint, femoral head, and bone marrow. Enterococcus cecorum identification was performed by using Vitek matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. These results were then sent to the research-use only SARAMIS database for analysis. Once the spectra of the isolates were imported, the relative and absolute taxonomy were analyzed. Two super spectrums and three clusters by homology were identified. The minimal inhibitory concentrations obtained by antimicrobial sensitivity tests were analyzed using WHONET Microbiology Laboratory Database Software. No isolates were pan-susceptible, 80% of isolates were noted to be resistant to 3 classes of antibiotics and, in general, isolates exhibited a high degree of variability when examining antimicrobial resistance patterns.RESUMEN. Reporte de caso-Caracterización de un brote reciente de Enterococcus cecorum causante de una enfermedad sistémica grave simulta ´neamente con problemas en las patas en un integrador de pollo de engorde en el sur de los Estados Unidos.La bacteria Enterococcus cecorum se ha asociado principalmente con osteomielitis de la vértebra tora ´cica móvil de los pollos. Sin embargo, existen reportes de E. cecorum produciendo lesiones septicémicas y presentando tropismo por los cartílagos, resultando en la presentación de necrosis de la cabeza femoral y sinovitis. Este artículo analiza la presentación de E. cecorum relacionada con un brote en un integrador vertical donde las principales lesiones estaban relacionadas con septicemia. Utilizando un método de muestreo de conveniencia, se analizaron 100 casos de

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Emerging Enterococcus cecorum Outbreak Causing Severe Systemic Disease with Concurrent Leg Problems in a Broiler Integrator in the Southern United States

2023

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Chicken embryo lethality assay for determining the lethal dose, tissue distribution and pathogenicity of clinical Enterococcus cecorum isolates from poultry

Dolka

Czopowicz

Dolka

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Enterococcus cecorum is a well-known component of the normal poultry intestinal microbiota and an important bacterial pathogen. Infections caused by E. cecorum have negative effects on the poultry production worldwide. In this study we used the SPF-chicken embryo lethality assay (ELA) to assess the pathogenic potential of E. cecorum. A total of 23 isolates were used: 19 clinical isolates from field outbreaks in different poultry groups (CB – broiler chickens, BB – broiler breeders, CL – layers, T– turkeys, W – waterfowl) and 4 commensal isolates. The cumulative mortality caused by all clinical isolates was higher (53.4%) than that of the commensals (38.9%). The highest mortality was induced by CB isolates (68.9%), followed by CL (60.4%), all chicken isolates (59.2%; CB, BB, CL), BB (45.8%), T (41.7%), non-chicken isolates (40.7%; T, W), and W isolates (39.8%). Most of the embryos that died, did die on the 1st day post-infection (dpi), except those infected with CB, CL (on 2 dpi). The median lethal dose (LD50) of E. cecorum ranged from 6.07 × 102 cfu/ml (CB isolates) and 1.42 × 104 cfu/ml (all clinical isolates) to 4.8 × 105 cfu/ml (commensal isolates). This study provides the first evidence of a wide tissue distribution and multiplication of E. cecorum in embryos. Dead embryos showed scattered petechiae, hemorrhages, aggregates of bacteria in blood vessels, multiple organ necrosis, and encephalomalacia. Our data indicate that surviving embryos were able to elicit innate immune response to infection. On the other hand, reisolation of viable bacteria from surviving embryos may suggest that E. cecorum could evade or resist immune mechanisms in order to persist in organs. Furthermore, body mass of surviving embryos was affected by the strain type, not the dose (bacterial concentration) used, and was lower for the infection with clinical strains. The results indicated the highest pathogenicity of clinical E. cecorum isolates from CB and CL flocks.

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Restriction of growth and biofilm formation of ESKAPE pathogens by caprine gut-derived probiotic bacteria

Saini,

Ayyanna,

Kumar

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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The accelerated rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health risk, necessitating the exploration of alternative strategies to combat pathogenic infections. Biofilm-related infections that are unresponsive to standard antibiotics often require the use of higher-order antimicrobials with toxic side effects and the potential to disrupt the microbiome. Probiotic therapy, with its diverse benefits and inherent safety, is emerging as a promising approach to prevent and treat various infections, and as an alternative to antibiotic therapy. In this study, we isolated novel probiotic bacteria from the gut of domestic goats (Capra hircus) and evaluated their antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against the ‘ESKAPE’ group of pathogens. We performed comprehensive microbiological, biochemical, and molecular characterizations, including analysis of the 16S-rRNA gene V1-V3 region and the 16S-23S ISR region, on 20 caprine gut-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Among these, six selected Lactobacillus isolates demonstrated substantial biofilm formation under anaerobic conditions and exhibited robust cell surface hydrophobicity and autoaggregation, and epithelial cell adhesion properties highlighting their superior enteric colonization capability. Notably, these Lactobacillus isolates exhibited broad-spectrum growth inhibitory and anti-biofilm properties against ‘ESKAPE’ pathogens. Additionally, the Lactobacillus isolates were susceptible to antibiotics listed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) within the prescribed Minimum Inhibitory Concentration limits, suggesting their safety as feed additives. The remarkable probiotic characteristics exhibited by the caprine gut-derived Lactobacillus isolates in this study strongly endorse their potential as compelling alternatives to antibiotics and direct-fed microbial (DFM) feed supplements in the livestock industry, addressing the escalating need for antibiotic-free animal products.

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Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Enterococcus cecorum in poultry

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Characterization of an Emerging Enterococcus cecorum Outbreak Causing Severe Systemic Disease with Concurrent Leg Problems in a Broiler Integrator in the Southern United States

Characterization of an Emerging Enterococcus cecorum Outbreak Causing Severe Systemic Disease with Concurrent Leg Problems in a Broiler Integrator in the Southern United States

Chicken embryo lethality assay for determining the lethal dose, tissue distribution and pathogenicity of clinical Enterococcus cecorum isolates from poultry

Restriction of growth and biofilm formation of ESKAPE pathogens by caprine gut-derived probiotic bacteria

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