Assessment of lithium slag as a supplementary cementitious material: Pozzolanic activity and microstructure development

Rahman, SM Arifur; Dodd, Aaron; Khair, Sanjida; Shaikh, Faiz Uddin Ahamed; Sarker, Prabir Kumar; Hosan, Anwar

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2023.105262

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…It allows researchers to understand how LS reacts to changes in temperature, thus helping to identify important thermal transitions and decomposition processes. TG-DTG curves for LS compared with cement were obtained by Rahman et al [ 19 ], as are depicted in Figure 5 .…”

Section: Physiochemical and Microscopic Analysis Of Lsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the pozzolanic reaction of the LS exhibited limited the activity at the early stages of hydration. Rahman et al [ 19 ] harnessed LS as an SCM to develop the pozzolanic activity. Inert and slowly reactive SCMs became pozzolanically active after 28 days, thereby making it convenient to assess inert, moderate, and highly reactive systems ranging from 0% to 60% in LS content in mortars.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Cementitious Composites With Ls Inc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A quantitative assessment of the pozzolanic reactivity of LS in cementitious materials has been reported solely by Zhang et al [ 37 ], who utilized TG to calculate the bound water content and calcium hydroxide content in LS-based concrete as a means of assessing its pozzolanic reactivity. Furthermore, through a comprehensive literature review, it was revealed that quantitative investigations into the pozzolanic reactivity of LS have been conducted by Rahman et al [ 19 ] using nonmicroscale testing methods such as the Frattini test, strength activity index (SAI), and R 3 test. The findings indicated that when 40% LS was employed as an SCM, it reacted with 79% of the CaO content in the cement mix, thereby resulting in a 93% SAI at 28 days and generating 53.1 J/g of SCM hydration heat with portlandite at 7 days.…”

Section: Chemical and Microstructural Investigations Of Cementitious ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable research efforts have been dedicated to the utilization of LS in cementitious composites, particularly in China and Australia. Recent investigations conducted by [ 19 , 20 , 21 ] have collectively affirmed LS’s potential as a supplementary cementitious material and as a partial precursor for the formulation of alkali-activated geopolymers. This is underpinned by the pozzolanic activity exhibited by LS, as well as its capacity to enhance the pore structure of cementitious materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, investigations into the physical characteristics of LS encompass parameters such as the specific surface area (SSA) [ 14 , 41 ], specific gravity [ 33 ], density [ 42 , 43 ], moisture content [ 41 ], and particle size distribution [ 22 , 44 ]. In parallel, conventional analytical methods have been employed to scrutinize the chemical composition of LS, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) [ 23 , 44 ] and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/SEM-EDS) [ 44 , 45 , 46 ], as well as specialized techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [ 31 , 45 ], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [ 30 , 47 ], X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [ 30 ], and thermogravimetry (TG)/thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) [ 19 , 43 , 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Cementitious and Geopolymer Composites with Lithium Slag Incorporation

Gou,

Rupasinghe,

Sofi

et al. 2023

Materials

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This study critically reviews lithium slag (LS) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM), thereby examining its physiochemical characteristics, mechanical properties, and durability within cementitious and geopolymer composites. The review reveals that LS’s particle size distribution is comparable to fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), which suggests it can enhance densification and nucleation in concrete. The mechanical treatment of LS promotes early hydration by increasing the solubility of aluminum, lithium, and silicon. LS’s compositional similarity to FA endows it with low-calcium, high-reactivity properties that are suitable for cementitious and geopolymeric applications. Increasing the LS content reduces setting times and flowability while initially enhancing mechanical properties, albeit with diminishing returns beyond a 30% threshold. LS significantly improves chloride ion resistance and impacts drying shrinkage variably. This study categorizes LS’s role in concrete as a filler, pozzolan, and nucleation agent, thereby contributing to the material’s overall reduced porosity and increased durability. Economically, LS’s cost is substantially lower than FA’s; meanwhile, its environmental footprint is comparable to GGBS, thereby making it a sustainable and cost-effective alternative. Notwithstanding, there is a necessity for further research on LS’s fine-tuning through grinding, its tensile properties, its performance under environmental duress, and its pozzolanic reactivity to maximize its utility in concrete technologies. This study comprehensively discusses the current strengths and weaknesses of LS in the field of building materials, thereby offering fresh perspectives and methodologies to enhance its performance, improve its application efficiency, and broaden its scope. These efforts are driving the sustainable and green development of LS in waste utilization and advanced concrete technology.

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Section: Physiochemical and Microscopic Analysis Of Lsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Cementitious Composites With Ls Inc...mentioning

confidence: 99%