Assessment of Long-term CO2 Trapping Mechanisms at the Ketzin Pilot Site (Germany) by Coupled Numerical Modelling

Kempka, Thomas; Klein, Elisa; Lucia, Marco De; Tillner, Elena; Kühn, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.460

Cited by 39 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, it is impractical to directly acquire real and detailed values from the reservoir containing CO 2 , due to the highly heterogeneous lithology and the generally limited understanding of the subsurface. Detailed velocities at two repeat times and porosities previously built by incorporating logging data, interpretation of 3-D seismic data and history-matched dynamic flow simulations (Kempka et al 2013;Norden & Frykman 2013;Huang et al 2015) were used to represent the corresponding values of the reservoir saturated with CO 2 . Detailed parameters about density and CO 2 saturation were extracted from the dynamic flow simulations (Kempka et al 2013;Class et al 2015).…”

Section: Assessment Of Co 2 Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer thickness and CO₂mass utilizing seismic complex decomposition at the Ketzin CO₂storage site, Germany

Huang

Juhlin

Han³

et al. 2016

Geophys. J. Int.

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S U M M A R YDetermining thin layer thickness is very important for reservoir characterization and CO 2 quantification. Given its high time-frequency resolution and robustness, the complex spectral decomposition method was applied on time-lapse 3-D seismic data from the Ketzin pilot site for CO 2 storage to evaluate the frequency-dependent characteristics of thin layers at the injection level. Higher temporal resolution and more stratigraphic details are seen in the all-frequency and monochromatic reflectivity amplitude sections obtained by complex spectral decomposition compared to the stacked sections. The mapped geologic discontinuities within the reservoir are consistent with the preferred orientation of CO 2 propagation. Tuning frequency mapping shows the thicknesses of the reservoir sandstone and gaseous CO 2 is consistent with the measured thickness of the sandstone unit from well logging. An attempt to discriminate between pressure effects and CO 2 saturation using the extracted tuning frequency indicates that CO 2 saturation is the main contributor to the amplitude anomaly at the Ketzin site. On the basis of determined thickness of gaseous CO 2 in the reservoir, quantitative analysis of the amount of CO 2 was performed and shows a discrepancy between the injected and calculated CO 2 mass. This may be explained by several uncertainties, like structural reservoir heterogeneity, a limited understanding of the complex subsurface conditions, error of determined tuning frequency, the presence of ambient noise and ongoing CO 2 dissolution.

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Section: Assessment Of Co 2 Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer thickness and CO₂mass utilizing seismic complex decomposition at the Ketzin CO₂storage site, Germany

Huang

Juhlin

Han³

et al. 2016

Geophys. J. Int.

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“…We wanted to show that integration of new observation data improves the quality of a static geological model significantly to better match observation data with each iteration. The presented work is a continuation from Kempka et al (2010), whereas dynamic flow coupled with geochemical simulations accounting for CO 2 trapping mechanisms are discussed in Klein et al (2013), Kempka et al (2013a) and Fischer et al (2013). Here, the industrial standard simulator ECLIPSE 100 (Schlumberger 2009) and the scientific simulator TOUGH2-MP/ECO2N (Zhang et al 2008;Pruess 2005) were applied for this unique dynamic flow simulation study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulations of CO2 arrival times and reservoir pressure coincide with observations from the Ketzin pilot site, Germany

Kempka

Kühn

2013

Environ Earth Sci

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Numerical simulations of CO 2 migration for the period June 2008-December 2011 were performed based on a unique data set including a recently revised static geological 3D model of the reservoir formation of the Ketzin pilot site in Brandenburg, Germany. We applied the industrial standard ECLIPSE 100 and scientific TOUGH2-MP simulators for this task and implemented a workflow to allow for integration of complex model geometries from the Petrel software package into TOUGH2-MP. Definition of a near-and a far-field well area allowed us to apply suitable permeability modifiers, and thus to successfully match simulation results with pressure measurements and arrival times in observation wells. Coincidence was achieved for CO 2 arrival times with deviations in the range of 5.5-15 % and pressure values in the injection well CO2 Ktzi 201/2007 and the observation well CO2 Ktzi 202/2007 with even smaller deviations. It is shown that the integration of unique operational and observation data in the workflow improves the setup of the geological model. Within such an iteration loop model uncertainties are reduced and enable advanced predictions for future reservoir behaviour with regard to pressure development and CO 2 plume migration in the storage formation at the Ketzin pilot site supporting the implementation of monitoring campaigns and guiding site operation.

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“…Especially to solve one of these problems, namely the estimation of the long-term, reservoir-scale mineralisation at the Ketzin pilot site (Martens et al, 2013), a simplified scheme for coupling chemistry and hydrodynamics was introduced (Klein et al, 2013;Kempka et al, 2013b). The purpose of the novel method is not to upscale the simulation grid or apply multi-grid methods, but rather to take advantage of some of the characteristics of the modelled processes, by introducing an approximation in the coupling itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A coupling alternative to reactive transport simulations for long-term prediction of chemical reactions in heterogeneous CO<sub>2</sub> storage systems

2015

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Abstract. Fully coupled, multi-phase reactive transport simulations of CO 2 storage systems can be approximated by a simplified one-way coupling of hydrodynamics and reactive chemistry. The main characteristics of such systems, and hypotheses underlying the proposed alternative coupling, are (i) that the presence of CO 2 is the only driving force for chemical reactions and (ii) that its migration in the reservoir is only marginally affected by immobilisation due to chemical reactions. In the simplified coupling, the exposure time to CO 2 of each element of the hydrodynamic grid is estimated by non-reactive simulations and the reaction path of one single batch geochemical model is applied to each grid element during its exposure time. In heterogeneous settings, analytical scaling relationships provide the dependency of velocity and amount of reactions to porosity and gas saturation. The analysis of TOUGHREACT fully coupled reactive transport simulations of CO 2 injection in saline aquifer, inspired to the Ketzin pilot site (Germany), both in homogeneous and heterogeneous settings, confirms that the reaction paths predicted by fully coupled simulations in every element of the grid show a high degree of self-similarity. A threshold value for the minimum concentration of dissolved CO 2 considered chemically active is shown to mitigate the effects of the discrepancy between dissolved CO 2 migration in non-reactive and fully coupled simulations. In real life, the optimal threshold value is unknown and has to be estimated, e.g. by means of 1-D or 2-D simulations, resulting in an uncertainty ultimately due to the process de-coupling. However, such uncertainty is more than acceptable given that the alternative coupling enables using grids of the order of millions of elements, profiting from much better description of heterogeneous reservoirs at a fraction of the calculation time of fully coupled models.

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Assessment of Long-term CO2 Trapping Mechanisms at the Ketzin Pilot Site (Germany) by Coupled Numerical Modelling

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer thickness and CO₂mass utilizing seismic complex decomposition at the Ketzin CO₂storage site, Germany

Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer thickness and CO₂mass utilizing seismic complex decomposition at the Ketzin CO₂storage site, Germany

Numerical simulations of CO2 arrival times and reservoir pressure coincide with observations from the Ketzin pilot site, Germany

A coupling alternative to reactive transport simulations for long-term prediction of chemical reactions in heterogeneous CO<sub>2</sub> storage systems

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Assessment of Long-term CO2 Trapping Mechanisms at the Ketzin Pilot Site (Germany) by Coupled Numerical Modelling

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer thickness and CO2mass utilizing seismic complex decomposition at the Ketzin CO2storage site, Germany

Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer thickness and CO2mass utilizing seismic complex decomposition at the Ketzin CO2storage site, Germany

Numerical simulations of CO2 arrival times and reservoir pressure coincide with observations from the Ketzin pilot site, Germany

A coupling alternative to reactive transport simulations for long-term prediction of chemical reactions in heterogeneous CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; storage systems

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Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer thickness and CO₂mass utilizing seismic complex decomposition at the Ketzin CO₂storage site, Germany

Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer thickness and CO₂mass utilizing seismic complex decomposition at the Ketzin CO₂storage site, Germany

A coupling alternative to reactive transport simulations for long-term prediction of chemical reactions in heterogeneous CO<sub>2</sub> storage systems