Assessment of Macro-, Micro-, Trace, and Ultratrace Element Concentration in Green-Legged Partridge Hens’ Eggs from a Free-Range System

Abstract

The goal of this research was to determine the concentration of macro-, micro-, trace, and ultratrace elements in egg albumen and yolk of Green-Legged Partridge (GLP) hens (Polish native breed) maintained in a free-range system. The hens received two feed mixtures (FM), which differed in mineral content (Gr-1 and Gr-2). Analyses of 57 chemical elements were performed using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy by ICP-OES and ICP-MS techniques. FM from Gr-2 were characterized by a significantly (p < 0.05 or 0.01) higher concentration of macro- and microelements (Al, Ba, Ca, K, P, S, Si) than that from Gr-1. Among the trace and ultratrace elements there were significantly higher levels of Co, Cr, Li, Nb, Ni, Pb, Ru, Sn, and Zr, and significantly lower levels of Cs, Pd, and Te in Gr-2 compared with Gr-1. Egg albumen from hens from the Gr-2 group contained a significantly higher Ba concentration. In the case of trace and ultratrace elements, significantly greater Au, Co, Cr, Mo, Nb, Ru, and Se, and less As were recorded in the albumen from Gr-2. No significant differences were observed in the concentrations of macro- and microelements in the egg yolk. Among the examined trace and ultratrace elements, substantial differences were observed in the level of Co, Cr, Ni, Se, Sn, and Y (more in Gr-2), and Au, Hf, Hg, Nb, Nd, and Rb (less in Gr-2). Only in the case of Co and Cr concentrations in the feed (Gr-2) was a significant increase found in the albumen and yolk. Gr-2 also showed a significantly greater concentration of Ba, Nb, and Ru in the albumen, and Ni and Sn in the yolk.

Elemental Profile in Chicken Egg Components and Associated Human Health Risk Assessment

“…In addition to the elements discussed above, other elements from different groups were also studied: the group of alkaline and alkaline-earth metals (Li, Cs, Rb, Be, Ba, Sr); rare earth elements (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu); technologycritical elements-TCEs (Te, Ge, Ga, In, Nb, Ta); platinum-group elements-PGEs (Pt, Pd, Rh, Os, Ir, Ru), transition and post-transition metals (Zr, Hf, W, Re, Ti, V, Mo, Bi, Tl); and actinide (Th). The mean concentration of these elements is in accordance with the results from literature [33,63]: 0.477 mg/kg (Li); 0.013 mg/kg (Cs); 3.8 mg/kg (Rb); 0.012 mg/kg (Be); 6.242 mg/kg Ba; 1.945 mg/kg Sr; 0.006 mg/kg (TCE's); 0.004 mg/kg (PGE's); 0.513 mg/kg (transition and post-transition metals); 0.023 mg/kg (actinide); and 0.010 mg/kg (REE's). There are studies reporting that the growth performance in animal production is influenced by the use of REEs as new natural feed additives; thus, these elements are good markers for geographical differentiation [105,106].…”

“…There is a trend of mean concentrations in the order Na > K > P > Mg > Ca for egg white samples and in the order P > Ca > Na > K > Mg for yolk samples. The results obtained for egg components of the investigated samples are higher than those presented in other studies [63,64]. Calcium and phosphorus are the most abundant mineral elements in the human body.…”

Nutrición animal: Texto de formación universitaria

“…A partir de la evaluación del contenido mineral del huevo de la gallina perdiz de patas verdes, los minerales analizados fueron agrupados en cuatro categorías, según su concentración en la yema: macrominerales (Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, S); microminerales (Fe, Zn, Si, Al, Cu, I, Mn, Ba, Sr); minerales traza (Rb, Se, Cr, B, Pb, V, Mo, Ga, Ni, Li, Bi, Co, Sn, Ge, Ti, Lu, Zr, Te, Ag); y minerales ultra-traza (Au, Hg, Y, Pd, Sb, Nb, Hf, Ru, Nd, Ce, Pt, La, Be, As, Gd, Yb, W, Cd, Ta, Tl, U, Cs) (Trziszka et al, 2021).…”

Reserves of Calcium, Copper, Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese, Sodium, Phosphorus, Strontium and Zinc in Goose Egg Yolk during Embryo Development

“…Egg yolk also contains 50% water, 33% fat and 17% protein [ 5 ], all of which can be used by the embryo [ 6 ]. Egg albumin, which provides the protein needed by the embryo, contains about 88% water and is the main source of sodium (Na) and potassium (K); however, it contains low levels of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn [ 7 , 8 ]. Additionally, eggshell contains high amounts of minerals [ 9 ], including calcium (Ca), and lower amounts of iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn) and strontium (Sr).…”