Assessment of magnetite as a magnetic tracer for sediments in the study of ephemeral gully erosion: Conditioning factors of magnetic susceptibility

Zubieta, Elena; Larrasoaña, Juan C.; Aldaz, Alaitz; Casalí, Javier; Giménez, Rafael

doi:10.1002/esp.5074

Cited by 4 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Next, surface mapping of the magnetic susceptibility was performed by scanning each plot with an MS3 susceptometer coupled to an MS2D sensor (both from Bartington Instruments) (Zubieta et al, 2021), totaling 35 readings.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface mapping of the magnetic susceptibility employed an MS3 susceptometer from Bartington Instruments (Bartington, 2020) (Zubieta et al, 2021), with a MS2D field complement. The MS2D sensor consists of an 18.5 cm diameter coil, placed in a 20 cm‐diameter epoxy plastic resin frame, through which an electric current circulates with a frequency of 0.958 kHz.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of laminar flow erosion, a consequence of its low transport capacity is that the eroded material/tracer remains close to the source and is either deposited on the surface of the soil or lightly buried. If magnetite is present, it can often be detected by susceptometers with some ease (Zubieta et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Zubieta et al (2021) assessed how the magnetic susceptibility of magnetite is affected by (i) tracer burial depth, (ii) magnetic susceptibility of the soil, and (iii) moisture content of the overlying soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main limitation of magnetic tracers is associated with preparation and application (Zubieta et al, 2021). Usually, the tracer is mixed with the same soil of the experimental site and then applied as is the case for magnetite (Guzmán et al, 2010; Guzmán et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of magnetite as a sediment tracer in the study of ephemeral gully erosion: Application and distribution in the soil

Zubieta

Larrasoaña

Aldaz

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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There are few works where magnetic tracers are used for the assessment of water erosion, focusing on the traceability of sediments over the soil surface and in small areas (i.e., for laminar erosion survey). The main limitation of magnetic tracers is associated with its preparation and application, as the tracer is typically mixed with a large amount of soil and then spread manually over experimental sites susceptible to erosion. In gully erosion studies, the experimental sites (field areas where a gully is expected to develop) can be quite large. Consequently, the high volume/weight of the material (soil + tracer) to be prepared, transported, and applied renders this technique unfeasible. Moreover, eroded channels can reach a depth of several centimeters, requiring the tracer to be (re)located in the soil profile ideally at this same depth. This work presents a novel technique for the application and distribution of magnetite in the soil profile to track sediments in gully erosion assessments. Experiments were carried out in microplots, where a mixture of magnetite and water was applied over the soil surface using a backpack sprayer. Redistribution of the tracer in the soil profile was carried out with different conventional tillage implements. The control plots were subjected to the same experiments, but using a soil–tracer mixture (conventional technique). The application technique proposed herein enables a correct application of magnetite over large areas, being a promising alternative to the conventional technique. Hoeing tillage implements, such as the rotavator, ensure an approximately homogeneous redistribution of tracer in the soil profile when good soil moisture content is present.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of magnetite as a sediment tracer in the study of ephemeral gully erosion: Application and distribution in the soil

Zubieta

Larrasoaña

Aldaz

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Modeling the response of a field probe for nondestructive measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of soils

Zumr

Gómez

et al. 2023

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Non‐destructive volume magnetic susceptibility measurements (MS) from the surface do not provide information about the depth distribution of a magnetic material or about the amount of magnetic material. We have developed a model that can be used to predict the volume magnetic susceptibility from the surface for a given (known or hypothesized) stratification of the magnetic layers in the soil profile. The measurements were performed with the MS2D Bartington sensor. The antenna signal from the MS2D probe decreases rapidly with depth. We show that the relative decrease in MS depends not only on the concentration of the magnetic tracer, but also on the distribution of the magnetic tracer in the soil profile. The decrease in sensitivity was fitted with a double exponential function. The function was implemented in a newly‐developed MagHut model. The MagHut model is a tool that can be used for forward modeling of the volume magnetic susceptibility when the tracer distribution in the soil profile is known. The model was successfully calibrated and validated with the measured data and with data from the literature. The Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficients for goodness of fit were above 0.99 in all cases. MagHut can help interpret magnetic susceptibility mapping results, or be used to optimize amount and placement of the magnetic tracer for soil erosion experiments. However, the MagHut tool is only limited to the top 10 cm of the soil profile and cannot replace, but only complement, the standard procedure of occasional soil profile sampling and laboratory mass magnetic susceptibility measurements.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Integrated approach to modelling and assessing the landslide hazards at the regional and local scale in Kyiv urbanized area, Ukraine

Ivanik

Menshov²,

Bondar³

et al. 2022

Model. Earth Syst. Environ.

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Assessment of magnetite as a magnetic tracer for sediments in the study of ephemeral gully erosion: Conditioning factors of magnetic susceptibility

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Assessment of magnetite as a sediment tracer in the study of ephemeral gully erosion: Application and distribution in the soil

Assessment of magnetite as a sediment tracer in the study of ephemeral gully erosion: Application and distribution in the soil

Modeling the response of a field probe for nondestructive measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of soils

Integrated approach to modelling and assessing the landslide hazards at the regional and local scale in Kyiv urbanized area, Ukraine

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