Assessment of Maize Contamination by Aflatoxin in Burkina Faso: A Review of Methods of Control

Somda, Marius K.; Dabiré, Yérobessor; Mogmenga, Iliassou; Ouattara, Assiètta; Nikiema, Mahamadi; Mihin, Henriette B.; Akakpo, Agbémébia Y.; Kaboré, Donatien; Traoré, Alfred S.; Dicko, Mamadou H.

doi:10.4236/fns.2023.142010

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…OTA is produced predominantly by some Aspergillus, Monascus, and Penicillium species, which frequently contaminates cereals and derived products, dried fruit, coffee, cocoa, spices, wine and cured pork products. Considering that in Burkina Faso maize is the second most cereal produced, the Burkinabé population is often exposed to OTA (44)(45)(46). A study in Sierra Leone reported OTA exposure in 25% of cord blood samples in newborns (range: 0.2-3.5 μg/L).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ochratoxin A status at birth is associated with reduced birthweight and ponderal index in rural Burkina Faso

Bastos-Moreira,

Argaw,

Di Palma

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Mycotoxin exposure during pregnancy has been associated with adverse birth outcomes and poor infant growth. We assessed multiple biomarkers and metabolites of exposure to mycotoxins at birth and their associations with birth outcomes and infant growth in 274 newborns in rural Burkina Faso. Methods and findings: Whole blood microsamples were analyzed for mycotoxin concentrations in newborns in the Biospecimen sub-study nested in MISAME-III trial using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Unadjusted and adjusted associations between mycotoxin exposure, and birth outcomes and infant growth at 6 months were estimated using linear regression models for continuous outcomes and linear probability models with robust variance estimation for binary outcomes. Infant growth trajectories from birth to 6 months were compared by exposure status using mixed-effects models with random intercept for the individual infant and random slope for the age of the infant. Ochratoxin A (OTA) exposure was detected in 38.3% of newborns, with other mycotoxins being detected in the range of 0.36% and 4.01%. OTA exposure was significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes, such as lower birthweight (β (95% CI): -0.11 kg (-0.21, 0.00); p = 0.042) and ponderal index ( β(95% CI): -0.62 gm/cm3 (-1.19, -0.05); p = 0.034), and a marginally significant lower height growth trajectories during the first 6 months (β(95% CI): -0.08 cm/mo (-0.15, 0.0); p = 0.057) . Conclusions: OTA exposure was prevalent among newborns and also associated with lower growth at birth and during the first 6 months. The results emphasize the importance of nutrition-sensitive strategies to mitigate dietary OTA, as well as adopting food safety measures in Burkina Faso during the fetal period of development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ochratoxin A status at birth is associated with reduced birthweight and ponderal index in rural Burkina Faso

Bastos-Moreira,

Argaw,

Di Palma

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…In Burkina Faso, cereals are consumed in large quantities and have a social, economic, and nutritional significance. Maize is the second most cereal produced, with production reaching 1,710,898 tons in 2019 (Somda et al, 2023). However, in Burkina Faso, the availability of biological and toxicological data on food contamination remains limited (Kpoda et al, 2022), and the implementation of legislation and regulations concerning mycotoxins is lacking (FAO, 2003; Warth et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal ochratoxin A exposure, birth outcomes and infant growth in rural Burkina Faso: a human biomonitoring sub-study from the MISAME-III trial

Bastos-Moreira,

Argaw,

Dailey-Chwalibóg

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Mycotoxin exposure during pregnancy has been associated with adverse birth outcomes and poor infant growth in low- and middle-income countries. We assessed multiple biomarkers and metabolites of exposure to mycotoxins during pregnancy and their associations with birth outcomes and infant growth in 305 pregnant participants, between 30 and 34 completed weeks of gestation, in rural Burkina Faso. In this study, whole blood microsamples were analyzed for mycotoxin concentrations using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Unadjusted and adjusted associations between mycotoxin exposure, and birth outcomes and infant growth at 6 months were estimated using linear regression models for continuous outcomes and linear probability models with robust variance estimation for binary outcomes. Infant growth trajectories from birth to 6 months were compared by exposure status using mixed-effects models with random intercept for the individual infant and random slope for the infant’s age. Ochratoxin A (OTA) exposure was detected in 50.8% of the study participants, with aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin M1, cyclopiazonic acid, deoxynivalenol and T-2-toxin being detected in the range of 0.33% and 2.31% of the population. We found no statistically significant (allp≥ 0.05) associations between OTA exposure, and birth outcomes and infant growth. Despite this, the findings indicate a significant presence of ochratoxin A among pregnant participants. Public health policies and nutrition-sensitive interventions must ensure that OTA exposure is reduced in Burkina Faso.

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“…Steam heat, dry roasting, washing, boiling, and cooking techniques are effective in minimizing AF contamination in various crops (59). For example, dry fruit decontaminated through heat has been successfully used to remove AF (60).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Aflatoxin Contamination, Its Impact on Human Health and Management Strategies

Sultan,

Sidra Nosheen,

Qurat-Ul-Ain

et al. 2024

JHRR

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Background: Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species, significantly impact global economic and health sectors, and contaminating key agricultural products such as maize, cotton, and groundnuts. The mycotoxins, particularly types B1 and B2, pose severe risks to animal and human health, leading to diseases like hepatic cellular carcinoma and liver cancer. Objective: This review aims to analyze the prevalent impacts of AF contamination on human health and to evaluate current management strategies to mitigate this issue. Methods: We utilize a comprehensive array of techniques to detect AF in agricultural products, including culturing, chromatography, immunochemical methods, and molecular assays. Our review also explores preventive measures during the pre-harvest and post-harvest phases of crop development, focusing on the efficacy of biopesticides in reducing contamination levels. Results: AF contamination levels vary widely, with some regions recording levels as high as 35 ppb in crops, surpassing the maximum residue limits (5-20 ppb) set by many countries. The application of biopesticides has shown a reduction in toxigenic strain prevalence by up to 40%, demonstrating a significant decrease in AF levels in treated crops compared to untreated ones. Conclusion: Effective management of AF contamination involves early detection and the strategic use of biopesticides to control fungal growth. Adopting these strategies can substantially reduce the health risks associated with AF exposure.

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Assessment of Maize Contamination by Aflatoxin in Burkina Faso: A Review of Methods of Control

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Ochratoxin A status at birth is associated with reduced birthweight and ponderal index in rural Burkina Faso

Ochratoxin A status at birth is associated with reduced birthweight and ponderal index in rural Burkina Faso

Prenatal ochratoxin A exposure, birth outcomes and infant growth in rural Burkina Faso: a human biomonitoring sub-study from the MISAME-III trial

A Comprehensive Review on Aflatoxin Contamination, Its Impact on Human Health and Management Strategies

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