Assessment of Male Fertility by Semen Analysis

Harvey, Clare; Jackson, MargaretHadley

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(45)90884-1

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The average for the total period of observation was 142,000 per ml., whilst the viability has remained fairly constant at 50% after four hours. Conception had therefore occurred at a lower density than the figure 1,360,000 per ml., and this confirms the findings of White and Barton (1951), Harvey and Jackson (1945), and Sandler (1952, 1953 that conceptions can occur with extremely low sperm densities.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

Recovery from Sterility after Mumps Orchitis

Sandler¹

1954

BMJ

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supporting

confidence: 90%

Recovery from Sterility after Mumps Orchitis

Sandler¹

1954

BMJ

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“…In previous studies with human semen (Hotchkiss, Brunner & Grenley, 1938;Harvey & Jackson, 1945;MacLeod & Heim, 1945;MacLeod & Hotch¬ kiss, 1946;MacLeod & Gold, 1951), it was implicit that the seminal plasma, an independent variable, was simply a diluent which mixed with the total number of spermatozoa, a second independent variable, at ejaculation. Therefore, it followed that sperm concentration per millilitre was a direct reflection of the degree of dilution of the spermatozoa by the seminal plasma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Frequency of Emission on Semen Output and an Estimate of Daily Sperm Production in Man

Freund¹

1963

Reproduction

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The extra-gonadal sperm reserve (the sperm reserve in the vasa deferentia and the epididymides) was depleted in six donors by an average of 2\m=.\4emissions per day during a 10-day depletion period. Daily sperm output (dso) was then estimated from the examination of one specimen a day for 24 days. During the dso period, specimen volume averaged 59 % and sperm concentration per specimen 27 % of that in the control or pre-depletion period. Sperm output per specimen and per week did not return to the levels of the pre-depletion period during a 156-day period (equal to three complete 52-day cycles of spermatogenesis and movement of spermatozoa through the duct system) after the completion of dso. At a frequency of fewer than five emissions per week, the greatest single influence on sperm numbers in the specimen is the size of the extra-gonadal sperm reserve. Daily sperm output, after the depletion of the extra-gonadal sperm reserve, may be used to estimate daily sperm production (dsp) by the testes. Changes in dso may be used to measure treatment effects on spermatogenesis. A practical experimental design is proposed for the analysis offactors and treatments affecting dsp in man. Recently, a series of studies has been reported (Hale, Almquist & Thacker,

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“…Extensive studies of this type have been carried out by Hotchkiss, Brunner & Grenley (1938), Harvey & Jackson (1945), MacLeod & Hotchkiss (1946), and 143 particularly by MacLeod (1951) and MacLeod & Gold (1951, 1952,1956, and the data from many thousands of specimens have been reported. Estimates ofthe variation in semen characteristics among several specimens from the same donor were not made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelationships Among the Characteristics of Human Semen and Factors Affecting Semen-Specimen Quality

Freund¹

1962

Reproduction

119

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Significant among-donor differences in mean values for semen-specimen volume and sperm concentration, motility, forward progression, and morphology were demonstrated, but no correlation among these characteristics on a specimens-within-donor basis was demonstrable. When emission frequency was increased from 3\m=.\5to 8\m=.\6 times per week, there was a decrease in specimen volume (\p=m-\33%), in sperm concentration ( \p=m-\55%) and motility ( \p=m-\15%), but no effect on progression or morphology. At the high frequency, there was a decrease in total sperm number (\p=m-\31%) and in motile sperm number (\p=m-\41%) produced per week, but an increase in volume of semen per week (+39%). Specimens were rated at hourly intervals for 9 hr after collection; motility and progression declined at a linear rate with time, but no change in morphology was observed. No effect of seminal plasma on sperm motility or forward progression was noted in a complete factorial seminal-plasma-reversal study. No significant differences were observed in mean values for semen characteristics between masturbated and condom specimens.

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Assessment of Male Fertility by Semen Analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Recovery from Sterility after Mumps Orchitis

Recovery from Sterility after Mumps Orchitis

Effect of Frequency of Emission on Semen Output and an Estimate of Daily Sperm Production in Man

Interrelationships Among the Characteristics of Human Semen and Factors Affecting Semen-Specimen Quality

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