Assessment of measles incidence, measles-related complications and hospitalisations during an outbreak in a southern Italian region

Atti, Marta Luisa Ciofi degli; Filia, Antonietta; Massari, Marco; Pizzuti, Renato; Nicoletti, Loredana; D’Argenzio, Angelo; Campora, E. De; Marchi, Antonella; Lombardo, Assunta; Salmaso, Stefania

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.09.031

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Early measles infection may lead to severe complications such as bacterial superinfection and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis; the highest hospitalization rates for measles are observed for infants under 1 year of age (7,18,33). Newborns are protected against measles by maternal antibodies actively transferred via the placenta during the last trimester of pregnancy (41,46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In France, the estimated number of measles cases dropped from 300,000 in 1985 to less than 10,400 cases in 2003 (3,48), and mortality has declined from 30 deaths per year in the 1980s to less than 10 per year in recent years (3,48). However, despite the success in controlling measles, the disease has not been eliminated in Europe; outbreaks still occur (2,3,13,18,29,34,35,45,48,50,52,53), and measles can still represent a serious health threat, especially in infants under 1 year of age (7,18).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Kinetics of Decline of Maternal Measles Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Sera of Infants in France in 2006

Gagneur

Pinquier

Aubert

et al. 2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The optimal age for measles vaccination is an important health issue, since maternal antibodies may neutralize the vaccine antigen before a specific immune response develops, while delaying vaccination may increase the risk of complicated diseases in infants. However, measles vaccination impacts the duration of protection afforded by transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies: vaccination-induced maternal antibodies disappear faster than disease-induced antibodies. In order to maintain protection against measles in infants, it is important to monitor the dynamics of this phenomenon in vaccinated populations. To assess the current situation in France, a multicenter, prospective seroepidemiological study was conducted in seven French hospitals between October 2005 and January 2007. Maternal measles antibody concentrations from 348 infants 0 to 15 months old were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization assay. Geometric mean concentrations and the percentage of infants with maternal measles antibody concentrations above the protection threshold (>120 mIU/ml) were assessed according to age. Results show that after more than 20 years of routine measles vaccination in France, maternal measles-neutralizing antibodies decrease dramatically in French infants by 6 months of age, from 1,740 mIU/ml for infants 0 to 1 month old to 223 mIU/ml for infants 5 to 6 months old, and that 90% of infants are not protected against measles after 6 months of age. Infant protection against measles could be optimized both by increasing herd immunity through an increased vaccine coverage and by lowering the age of routine vaccination from 12 to 9 months.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Decline of Maternal Measles Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Sera of Infants in France in 2006

Gagneur

Pinquier

Aubert

et al. 2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Measles genotypes are not geographically confined; however, there are predominant circulating clades in certain areas. For example, in Italy and France the main reported genotype is D7 [Zandotti et al, 2004;Ciofi Degli Atti et al, 2006], whereas, other countries in Europe, such as in Germany and Spain, have reported the presence of a broad diversity of circulating strains genotypes B3, C2, D4, D5, D6, D7, G2, and H1 [Tischer et al, 2004;Mosquera et al, 2005] More recently during 2005 and 2006, in the World Health Organisation (Kremer et al, 2008) European Region major epidemics were associated with genotypes D4, D6, and B3, although other genotypes were found after importation from other continents (B2, D5, D8, D9, G2, and H1) [Kremer et al, 2008].…”

Section: Measles Virus (Mev) Is the Sole Member Of The Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of circulating measles virus in Ireland 2002–2007

Carr

Conway

Waters

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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The molecular characterization of measles virus (MeV) is a valuable epidemiological tool to monitor virus transmission and to discriminate between imported and endemic infection. There has been significant immigration into Ireland in recent years and many individuals originate from regions of high measles incidence. Ireland has had a number of outbreaks of MeV which appear attributable to sub‐optimal vaccine uptake and possibly imported strains as new genotypes have been identified in recent years. To ascertain any significant changes in circulating measles genotypes we investigated 65 confirmed measles cases between the years 2002 and 2007. The laboratory diagnosis of measles was confirmed by detection of measles‐specific IgM in oral fluid in conjunction with a real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the MeV hemagglutinin gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 3′ hypervariable region of the nucleoprotein gene was performed and three genotypes, all within measles clade D, were found to be circulating during this time period. In 2002 and 2003, genotype D8 (n = 2) was observed whereas genotype D7 was dominant in 2003 (n = 31). A distinct change in the circulating MeV genotype and increased genetic diversity was observed between 2004 and 2007. All cases were within genotype D4 (n = 32) but were phylogenetically distinct from each other. These data provide important epidemiologic baseline information on MeV in Ireland and facilitates detailed examination of measles transmission. J. Med. Virol. 81:125–129, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…In fact, the American continents were declared free from endemic measles transmission in 2002. However, measles still represents a serious health threat even in developed countries (4,5). For example; in Europe, 29,000 measles infections were reported in 2004 (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles-related Hospitalizations and Complications in Japan, 2007-2008

et al. 2010

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Objective In the present study we aim to describe the clinical features and related complications of severe measles requiring hospitalization in Japan in 2007 and 2008. Methods We extracted the records of patients diagnosed with measles between July and December in 2007 and 2008 from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) inpatient database and the verified age distribution of patients with measles requiring hospitalization and the rate of measles-related complications. We also examined the rate of measles patients who were pregnant or had malignancies. Results We identified 1,037 inpatients in 377 hospitals; 879 in 158 in 2008. Overall, 554 (53.4%) were male. Patient age distribution showed two peaks; !4 years (21%) and 15-29 years (45%). Ninety (8.7%) patients had pneumonia, 22 (2.1%) had encephalitis, 7 (0.7%) had intestinal complications, 7 (0.7%) had conjunctivitis, 6 (0.6%) had meningitis, and 4 (0.4%) had otitis media. Patients aged !14 years were significantly more likely to have pneumonia (16.4%; p<0.001). The rate of encephalitis was relatively low in patients aged! 14 years (0.9%) compared with those aged 15-29 years (3.0%) and those aged "30 years (2.0%); the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.141). Of 31 pregnant women, 10 had spontaneous abortion or stillbirth. Twenty-eight patients had malignancies. Conclusion The present study adds important information to our knowledge of the clinical features of severe measles. Follow-up monitoring of the trends of this distressing disease using the DPC database will be essential.

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Assessment of measles incidence, measles-related complications and hospitalisations during an outbreak in a southern Italian region

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Kinetics of Decline of Maternal Measles Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Sera of Infants in France in 2006

Kinetics of Decline of Maternal Measles Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Sera of Infants in France in 2006

Molecular epidemiology of circulating measles virus in Ireland 2002–2007

Measles-related Hospitalizations and Complications in Japan, 2007-2008

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