Assessment of micro and macro nutrients in poultry feeds available in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

Abstract

This study was based on to determine the concentration of macro and micro nutrients as well as toxic and nontoxic heavy metals present in the chicken feed available in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. All macro nutrients, if present in the feed at high concentration have some adverse effect, at the same time if this nutrient present in the feed at low concentration this have some adverse effect too. So that this nutrient level should be maintained at a marginal level. On the other side toxic heavy metals if present in the feed at very low concentration those can contaminate the total environment of the ecosystem. In this study six brand samples (starter, grower, finisher and layer) which was collected from different renowned chicken feed formulation industry in Bangladesh. Those samples were prepared for analysis by wet ashing and then metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. It was found that 27.7 to 68.4, 57.3 to 121.9, 0.21 to 4.1, 0.32 to 2.1, 0.11 to 1.58, 0.28 to 2.11 and 0.28 to 1.78 for zinc, iron, copper, mercury, cadmium, nickel and cobalt respectively. It was found that essential macro and micro nutrients were present in the feed in low concentration on the other side mercury was present in high concentration in the feed samples.

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Residues in Poultry Farms in Ismailia Province

“…And these recorded limits were exceeded the permissible limits of WHO, (1992 &1995) (80 ppm) and FAO, (45-80mg/kg). The obtained results were in agreement with or slightly higher than those obtained by (Islam et al, 2017) in Dhaka city, Bangladesh that ranged from 57.3 to 121.9 mg/kg. The high levels of iron in feed can be attributed to the farmers and companies that manufacture poultry feed adding high amounts of iron in order to avoid deficiencies as it leads to severe anemia and loss of pigmentation, also decreased growth rates (Ma et al, 2014).…”

Review of Cadmium Pollution in Bangladesh

“…Diet is most likely the main source of Cd exposure in Bangladesh for those who live in rural environments with essentially no industrial contamination. The rice-based diet in the population contributes to 20–35 μg Cd daily 5,32,33. These studies highlight the fact that elevated Cd concentrations in rice is a widespread problem and the present study has identified, for the first time, which Bangladeshi populations are exposed to excessively high levels of Cd in their diet.…”

“…Consequently, Cd consumption may cause chronic effects on the human body, such as cancer, kidney damage, and inhibit enzymatic activities. In Bangladesh, young children (1.5–5 years) are primarily exposed to Cd, especially in rural areas 5,46. Pregnant women are also particularly vulnerable to Cd exposure in Bangladesh 24…”

“…Cadmium is a heavy metal with high toxicity at very low exposure levels, and has acute and chronic effects on health and the environment 5. It is non-biodegradable and once released into the environment, stays in circulation 6.…”

“…Furthermore, Cd exposure can negatively impact pregnancy, lactation and lead to undernourishment when breastfeeding. Cadmium inhibits the transport of calcium to breast milk 5. Lastly, brain development in children can be hampered due to the Cd exposure 5,6…”