Assessment of microbiota and peptidoglycan in perianal fistulas

“…A separate study used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to study 10 cryptoglandular fistulae and also found a paucity of bacteria . However, this study did demonstrate the presence of peptidoglycan, a major component of bacterial cell walls known to stimulate inflammation .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Review article: pathogenesis of Crohn's perianal fistula—understanding factors impacting on success and failure of treatment strategies

Tozer

Lung

Lobo

et al. 2018

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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“…Peptidoglycan induces inflammasome NLRP3-mediated caspase-1 activation and thereby processing and secretion of IL-1β. This concept is supported by the presence of peptidoglycan in 90 % of cryptoglandular anal fistulas [3]. Self-induction by IL-1 may also be involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the same study, we detected pro-inflammatory peptidoglycan in the majority of anal fistulas [3]. Peptidoglycan is a major component of the bacterial cell wall of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species, providing structural strength and allowing bacteria to resist osmotic pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pro-inflammatory cytokines in cryptoglandular anal fistulas

et al. 2016

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BackgroundSphincter-preserving procedures for the treatment of transsphincteric fistulas fail in at least one out of every three patients. It has been suggested that failure is due to ongoing disease in the remaining fistula tract. Cytokines play an important role in inflammation. At present, biologicals targeting cytokines are available. Therefore, detection and identification of cytokines in anal fistulas might have implications for future treatment modalities. The objective of the present study was to assess local production of a selected panel of cytokines in anal fistulas, including pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).MethodsFistula tract tissue was obtained from 27 patients with a transsphincteric fistula of cryptoglandular origin who underwent flap repair, ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract or a combination of both procedures. Patients with a rectovaginal fistula or a fistula due to Crohn’s disease were excluded. Frozen tissue samples were sectioned and stained using advanced immuno-enzyme staining methods for detection of selected cytokines, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-36 and TNF-α. The presence and frequencies of cytokine-producing cells in samples were quantitated.ResultsThe key finding was abundant expression of IL-1β in 93 % of the anal fistulas. Frequencies of IL-1β-producing cells were highest (>50 positive stained cells) in 7 % of the anal fistulas. Also, cytokines IL-8, IL-12p40 and TNF-α were present in respectively 70, 33 and 30 % of the anal fistulas.ConclusionsIL-1β is expressed in the large majority of cryptoglandular anal fistulas, as well as several other pro-inflammatory cytokines.

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Assessment of microbiota and peptidoglycan in perianal fistulas

Cited by 42 publications

References 30 publications

Inflammation in anal fistula

Inflammation in anal fistula

Review article: pathogenesis of Crohn's perianal fistula—understanding factors impacting on success and failure of treatment strategies

Pro-inflammatory cytokines in cryptoglandular anal fistulas

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