“…For example, Uber, Hailo, Curb and Lyft in the USA, Uber and Cabify in Europe and Latin America, App Chiflea in Ecuador, Easy taxi and 99 taxis in Brazil, Little and Mondo in Africa, or Grab, Go-Jek, Didache, Kuaidi Dache, Didi, Meru, Ola, and Hailing in Asia. This innovation has generated new direct competition to taxis, since in the beginning the absence of legislation to operate in this sector, previously exclusively for taxis, caused problems in public transport policies, such as monopoly or protests in different countries, especially the poorest, that they were not prepared for this (Harding et al, 2016;Akimova, Arana-Landín & Heras-Saizarbitoria, 2020;Cetin & Deakin, 2017;Paronda, Regido & Napalang, 2016;Ye et al, 2018;Contreras & Paz, 2018;Agyeman et al, 2019;Mohamed et al, 2020;Sánchez-Torres, Correa & Gómez, 2020).…”