Assessment of Morpho-Dynamics through Geospatial Techniques within the Padma-Meghna and Ganges-Jamuna River Confluences, Bangladesh

Gazi, Md. Yousuf; Roy, Himel; Mia, Md. Bodruddoza; Akhter, S. H.

doi:10.1007/s42489-020-00051-2

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The morphodynamics of two major confluences of Bangladesh Rivers, namely the Padma-Meghna confluence (PMC) and the Ganges-Jamuna confluence (GJC), have been studied recently by Gazi et al (2020a) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Channel Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the work of Rudra ( 2014) was criticized and rectified by Bandyopadhyay et al (2015) regarding the delineation of the Bengal basin, deltaic evolution, and discharge data for a better understanding of the fluvial geomorphic processes. However, the studies about the fluvial channel dynamics concerning Bangladesh have been started after 1990s and most of the geospatial studies have been dealing with river channel shifting (Sarker et al 2014;Islam 2016;Dewan et al 2017;Akhter et al 2019;Gazi et al 2020a), riverbank line shifting, riverbank erosion, and accretion (Billah 2018;Gazi et al 2020b;Biswas et al 2021). Accordingly, the research on the formation of an alluvial channel, causes of channel migration, anthropogenic impacts on fluvial system, and processes of anomalous channel variations at the downstream GBM River is still sparse or even missing.…”

Section: Fluvial Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rectangle focuses on the Bengal basin that influences the river migration and sediment dispersal across the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta. GJC and PMC indicate the Ganges-Jamuna confluence and Padma-Meghna confluence, respectively (Gazi et al 2020a) Faisal and Hayakawa Progress in Earth and Planetary Science (2022) 9:41 engineering, hydrometeorology, and environment, the geomorphological study of the large Ganges-Brahmaputra river system is highly important to understand the process-form relationship of fluvial systems and landscape diversity. Also, an understanding of large GB river systems is critical as they support large human populations, where Ganges and Brahmaputra support a population of 400 million (Jain et al 2012) and 83 million people (about 41% residents in Bangladesh), respectively (Mahanta et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geomorphological processes and their connectivity in hillslope, fluvial, and coastal areas in Bangladesh: A review

Faisal

Hayakawa

2022

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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Geomorphological knowledge is critical in understanding watershed scale surface processes, including steep mountainous areas and flat lowlands, particularly if the mid- and downstream areas are densely populated and hazard assessments are highly required. However, our knowledge about such surface processes has relatively been limited in some areas in South Asia due likely to the lack of comprehensive studies of geomorphology and related fields. This article undertakes an overview of the geomorphological processes of the disaster-prone deltaic landscape of the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM), particularly focusing on fluvial processes. The area locates in the downstream of the watershed system including Himalayan Mountains and highly connected with the upper basin morphodynamics, hydrology, and sediment flux. The previous studies are summarized at different geomorphic settings concerning hillslopes, fluvial plains, and coastal areas to provide clarity about the geomorphic processes linking erosion-prone upstream source areas to deposition-dominated downstream areas. The review found that most of the geomorphic researches in Bangladesh are exploring landslide inventory and susceptibility mapping in hilly areas; river channel or riverbank shifting, riverbank erosion and accretion in fluvial environments; watershed morphometric analysis and geomorphic unit identification in plain land; and coastline shifting or coastal erosion and accretion in coastal environments at a small scale. Then, we discuss the fluvial dynamics and sediment transport of the GBM river system to address the knowledge gap in the context of deltaic plain land in Bangladesh, where upstream fluvial sedimentation processes impact the geomorphic connectivity from Himalayan to the Bay of Bengal. Although some studies on the fluvial dynamics and sediment dispersal in the upstream GBM river basin are present, the fluvial processes in the downstream domain of Bangladesh are not fully understood with a limited number of research with field-based approaches. Some future perspectives of geomorphic research in Bangladesh are then mentioned to understand better the complex geomorphological settings in the entire GBM watershed and to strengthen the existing research capacity. This review will also develop a holistic understanding of fluvial geomorphic processes of the GBM River to the policymakers and may be helpful to improve the transboundary river basin management policies or strategies.

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Section: Channel Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluvial Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geomorphological processes and their connectivity in hillslope, fluvial, and coastal areas in Bangladesh: A review

Faisal

Hayakawa

2022

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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“…The Padma is a very large alluvial river that has a 5 cm/km average slope and the Meghna River is a low-energy, multi-channel fluvial system with a system of linking channels and inter-channel zones (Alam, 1991;Chowdhury et al, 2021). Furthermore, the Upper Meghna has a 2 cm/km average slope, and the Lower Meghna has a 5 cm/km average slope (Mondal et al, 2020;Gazi et al, 2020). Some recent research suggests that both the Padma and Meghna substantially changes in the last fifty years due to erosion, bar development and migration of the riverbank.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluvio-Geomorphic Change of the Padma-Meghna River Course Using the NDWI and MNDWI Techniques

Hossain,

Kamal,

Afrin

2024

Preprint

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This study intends to investigate the fluvial-geomorphic change and erosion-accretion processes of two significant rivers. The 2149 km2 research area's overall erosion and accretion were depicted using multi-temporal Landsat images and NDWI, MNDWI methods to measure and investigate change. However, focus has been placed on four unique sections that are prone to erosion, and the bank migration of the section has been measured in order to depict the actual state of erosion. The Padma-Meghna River eroded approximately 11.0, 77.0, and 13.0 km2 between 1973–1978, 1978–1989, and 1989–1994. However, 78.0 and 48.0 km2 of accretion occurred in the years between 1994 and 1999 and 1999 and 2004. Moreover, between 2004 and 2021, the river's erosional activity was remarkably dynamic compared to deposition. Besides, 64 km2 and 4 km2 of land accretion occurred during 2008–2014 and 2014–2019, while 77 km2 and 68 km2 of land eroded during 2004–2008 and 2019–2021. The overall rates of erosion and accretion are 5.12% and 4.04%, respectively. Statistically, both banks of the Padma River eroded about 2 kilometers from 1973 to 2021. Padma-Meghna confluences are more unstable and susceptible to change. The Meghna's left bank moved 4.5 km east between Goshairhat and Haimchar in 1989, and in 2008, the river shifted 4.8 km west from the river of 1994. In 1989, it moved 5 kilometers east from a previous location between Goshairhat and Haiderganj, and in 2008, it moved 6.3 kilometers west from the 1989 river. The bank migrated 12 kilometers eastward in 2014 from where it was in 2008 through the bar development. The Mehendiganj Upazila's eastern side lost more than 7.4 kilometers between 1973 and 2021, and the current major channel is simply 7.4 kilometers west of the 1973 river. The findings of the dynamic changes might be useful to planners, developers, researchers, and government agencies as they develop and put into practice new development initiatives and river basin management.

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“…Nowadays, evaluation and monitoring of the water body and its surrounding area by remote sensing techniques are very popular [18], [19], [20], [21]. Chawla et al [22] reviewed the use of remote sensing techniques for water security to enhance environmental protection and strengthen water resource management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of water quantity–quality, floodplain landuse, and land surface temperature (LST) of Turag River in Bangladesh: an integrated approach of geospatial, field, and laboratory analyses

Tania

Mia

2021

SN Appl. Sci.

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Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and development activities are posing numerous threats to the rivers of Bangladesh. In the recent decade, Turag River has been exposed to severe threats due to anthropogenic activities. The present research deals with the evaluation of water quantity–quality, landuse and landcover (LULC), and land surface temperature (LST) of Turag River and its floodplain by using an integrated approach of field study, laboratory analysis, and geospatial techniques. LULC mapping of the study area has been done using multi-temporal Landsat satellite images by unsupervised method, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index indices (NDWI) approach. From LULC classification, the study shows that the average reduction of water bodies from 1989 to 2019 is about 60–66%, and the rate of reduction is about 14.25 ha per year. Due to anthropogenic activities and rapid urbanization, a large number of water bodies have been depleting. The average temperature of the river water from filed observed data is 30.23 °C and from image processed data is about 28.32 °C. The minimum and maximum values of pH, EC, TDS, and Eh are 6.87–8.44, 808–1192 μs/cm, 406–739 ppm, − 31 to – 150 mV, respectively. The concentration ranges of cations (Na, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, and Mn) are 85.43–247.60, 28.59–39.47, 11.1–13.58, 5.21–13.26l, .07–1.14, .006–.47 mg/l consecutively. The ranges of anions concentration (HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−) are 165.45–388.87, 54.81–194.07, 52.49–289.63, l9.63–126.93 mg/l, respectively. It is evident that HCO3−, NO3−, and Mn exceed the standard limit of Bangladesh Water Quality Standard (BWQS) and World Health Organization (WHO), indicating that the water of the Turag River is deteriorating that is not safe for human consumption and aquaculture purposes. The study will assist to take some effective measures to control the pollution and uphold the water quality and natural riparian processes. So, the outputs of the study will contribute to the future urban landuse planning in the river floodplain area to mitigate ongoing alarming pollution and unplanned industrialization.

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Assessment of Morpho-Dynamics through Geospatial Techniques within the Padma-Meghna and Ganges-Jamuna River Confluences, Bangladesh

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Geomorphological processes and their connectivity in hillslope, fluvial, and coastal areas in Bangladesh: A review

Geomorphological processes and their connectivity in hillslope, fluvial, and coastal areas in Bangladesh: A review

Fluvio-Geomorphic Change of the Padma-Meghna River Course Using the NDWI and MNDWI Techniques

Evaluation of water quantity–quality, floodplain landuse, and land surface temperature (LST) of Turag River in Bangladesh: an integrated approach of geospatial, field, and laboratory analyses

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